- Direct inflammation of the renal parenchyma.
- Distension of the renal capsule and ureteral spasm.
- Ischemia of the kidney.
- Nerve compression in the spinal cord.
27. A patient presents with acute onset of severe low back pain, unilateral flank pain, and hematuria. Imaging reveals a kidney stone obstructing the ureter. What is the technical pathophysiological mechanism causing the pain?
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