How did the concept of ‘Ijtihad’ (independent reasoning) in Allama Iqbal’s philosophy influence the vision for Pakistan?

  • It suggested that Pakistan should reject all modern laws and revert to ancient practices.
  • It promoted the idea that Pakistan's laws and society should be static and unchangeable.
  • It advocated for a dynamic interpretation of Islam to address modern challenges, forming the basis for a progressive Islamic state.
  • It argued that only religious scholars should be allowed to participate in governance.
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