A physician orders a blood transfusion for a patient who is a Jehovah’s Witness. The patient, who is conscious and competent, explicitly refuses the transfusion based on their religious beliefs, even after understanding the life-threatening consequences of refusal. The nurse’s personal belief is that life should be preserved at all costs. What is the nurse’s ethical obligation in this situation?

  • Persuade the patient to accept the transfusion for survival.
  • Administer the transfusion as ordered by the physician in an emergency.
  • Respect the patient's autonomous decision, even if it conflicts with the nurse's personal values.
  • Seek a court order to override the patient's refusal.
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