- Inflammation of the pancreas.
- Erosion of the gastric or duodenal mucosa by acid and pepsin.
- Bowel obstruction.
- Appendicitis.
Author: ETEA MCQS.COM
No category found.
- Diastolic dysfunction.
- Impaired systolic function and reduced cardiac output.
- Increased preload.
- Normal cardiac function.
- To lower blood pressure slowly over days.
- To reduce blood pressure promptly but carefully to prevent end-organ damage.
- To administer oral diuretics only.
- To observe without intervention.
- Decreased calcium absorption.
- Excess cortisol leading to increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation.
- Vitamin D deficiency.
- Increased estrogen levels.
- Fungal infection of the peritoneum.
- Translocation of gut bacteria into the ascitic fluid.
- Viral infection.
- Autoimmune inflammation.
- Increased production of surfactant.
- IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation and release of bronchoconstrictive mediators (e.g., histamine, leukotrienes).
- Activation of macrophages.
- Inhibition of smooth muscle contraction.
- Administering oral antibiotics.
- Immediate reperfusion therapy (fibrinolysis or PCI) for acute myocardial infarction.
- Administering pain medication only.
- Encouraging rest.
- Inflammation of the retina.
- Neovascularization (new blood vessel growth) due to chronic ischemia and hypoxia.
- Detachment of the retina.
- Increased intraocular pressure.
- Increases potassium excretion.
- Drives potassium intracellularly.
- Blocks potassium channels.
- Promotes potassium reabsorption.
- Localized inflammation.
- Uncontrolled systemic inflammation leading to widespread endothelial injury, organ dysfunction, and failure.
- Hypovolemia.
- Nutritional deficiency.
- Fungal infection.
- Underlying lung cancer obstructing the airway.
- Autoimmune disease.
- Chronic bronchitis.
- To prescribe oral antibiotics.
- Immediate high-dose corticosteroids to prevent permanent vision loss.
- To observe and monitor symptoms.
- To perform immediate surgery.
- Hypovolemic shock.
- Neurogenic shock.
- Distributive (vasodilatory) shock.
- Obstructive shock.
- Increased Vitamin D production.
- Impaired phosphate excretion, leading to hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
- Increased calcium absorption.
- Decreased parathyroid hormone.
- Increased plasma oncotic pressure.
- Increased systemic venous pressure due to right ventricular failure, or fluid retention secondary to left-sided failure.
- Decreased capillary permeability.
- Decreased hydrostatic pressure.
- Oral steroids.
- Immediate administration of inhaled short-acting beta-agonists and systemic corticosteroids.
- Oral antibiotics.
- Nasal decongestants.
- Obstruction of the urinary tract.
- Reduced renal perfusion (e.g., due to hypovolemia or decreased cardiac output).
- Direct damage to kidney tubules.
- Glomerular inflammation.
- Accumulation of amyloid plaques.
- Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
- Demyelination of nerve fibers.
- Increased acetylcholine production.
- Impaired red blood cell production due to insufficient iron for hemoglobin synthesis.
- Increased red blood cell destruction.
- Vitamin B12 deficiency.
- Bone marrow failure.
