- Increases potassium excretion.
- Drives potassium intracellularly.
- Blocks potassium channels.
- Promotes potassium reabsorption.
Author: ETEA MCQS.COM
No category found.
- Localized inflammation.
- Uncontrolled systemic inflammation leading to widespread endothelial injury, organ dysfunction, and failure.
- Hypovolemia.
- Nutritional deficiency.
- Fungal infection.
- Underlying lung cancer obstructing the airway.
- Autoimmune disease.
- Chronic bronchitis.
- To prescribe oral antibiotics.
- Immediate high-dose corticosteroids to prevent permanent vision loss.
- To observe and monitor symptoms.
- To perform immediate surgery.
- Hypovolemic shock.
- Neurogenic shock.
- Distributive (vasodilatory) shock.
- Obstructive shock.
- Increased Vitamin D production.
- Impaired phosphate excretion, leading to hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
- Increased calcium absorption.
- Decreased parathyroid hormone.
- Increased plasma oncotic pressure.
- Increased systemic venous pressure due to right ventricular failure, or fluid retention secondary to left-sided failure.
- Decreased capillary permeability.
- Decreased hydrostatic pressure.
- Oral steroids.
- Immediate administration of inhaled short-acting beta-agonists and systemic corticosteroids.
- Oral antibiotics.
- Nasal decongestants.
- Obstruction of the urinary tract.
- Reduced renal perfusion (e.g., due to hypovolemia or decreased cardiac output).
- Direct damage to kidney tubules.
- Glomerular inflammation.
- Accumulation of amyloid plaques.
- Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
- Demyelination of nerve fibers.
- Increased acetylcholine production.
- Impaired red blood cell production due to insufficient iron for hemoglobin synthesis.
- Increased red blood cell destruction.
- Vitamin B12 deficiency.
- Bone marrow failure.
- Inflammation of diverticula (outpouchings) in the colon, often due to fecal impaction.
- Gastric ulceration.
- Appendicitis.
- Inflammatory bowel disease.
- Bronchospasm.
- Compression of the lung by fluid in the pleural space, limiting lung expansion.
- Alveolar inflammation.
- Pulmonary embolism.
- Loss of muscle strength.
- Damage to upper motor neurons, leading to increased muscle tone and hyperreflexia.
- Peripheral nerve damage.
- Muscle atrophy.
- Pancreatic inflammation.
- Gallstone obstruction of the cystic duct, leading to inflammation of the gallbladder.
- Gastric ulceration.
- Appendicitis.
- Hyperventilation.
- Increased production or decreased excretion of metabolic acids.
- Overproduction of CO2?.
- Excessive loss of chloride.
- Loop diuretic.
- Aldosterone antagonist, reducing sodium and water retention and potassium loss.
- Beta-blocker.
- ACE inhibitor.
- Autoimmune inflammation of the heart valves.
- Bacterial colonization and vegetation formation on damaged heart valves.
- Degeneration of heart valve tissue.
- Increased pressure in the heart chambers.
- Oral antibiotics and observation.
- Surgical appendectomy to prevent perforation and peritonitis.
- Laxatives.
- Pain medication only.
