- Justice.
- Beneficence (balancing benefits and harms).
- Autonomy.
- Non-maleficence only.
Category: Epidemoilogy
- Ask people to stop eating all processed foods.
- Issue an immediate recall of the contaminated product, and advise consumers to discard it and seek medical attention if ill.
- Only warn the producer of the food product.
- Wait for all contaminated products to be consumed.
- Incubation period.
- Latent period.
- Communicable period.
- Generation time.
- To confirm a diagnosis.
- To rule out a disease (screening test to identify as many true cases as possible).
- To avoid false positives.
- To identify only severe cases.
- Number Needed to Treat (NNT).
- Number Needed to Harm (NNH).
- Odds Ratio.
- Relative Risk.
- Strength of association.
- Consistency.
- Specificity.
- Coherence.
- Point prevalence.
- Period prevalence.
- Incidence proportion (or cumulative incidence).
- Incidence rate.
- Evacuate all residents from the nursing home.
- Implement immediate infection control measures, cohort infected individuals, and test all residents and staff for the causative agent.
- Only treat residents who develop severe symptoms.
- Wait for the cluster to spread to nearby nursing homes.
- Information bias.
- Selection bias.
- Observer bias.
- Confounding.
- Double-blinding.
- Triple-blinding.
- Single-blinding.
- Open-label.
- Pre-clinical.
- Phase I.
- Phase II.
- Phase III.
- Wait for a definitive diagnosis before informing anyone.
- Immediately isolate the patient, collect samples, and notify the local infectious disease control unit.
- Treat symptomatically and discharge.
- Refer to a general practitioner for routine follow-up.
- Endemic.
- Epidemic.
- Pandemic.
- Sporadic.
- Many false positive results.
- Many false negative results, potentially leading to missed diagnoses.
- Accurate diagnosis immediately.
- No need for further testing.
- Relative Risk.
- Odds Ratio.
- Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR).
- Number Needed to Harm (NNH).
- Advise people to boil water before use.
- Issue an immediate "boil water" advisory, identify affected areas, and coordinate with healthcare providers for case management.
- Wait for lab confirmation from every affected individual.
- Only provide bottled water to a few households.
- Bias.
- Random error.
- Confounder.
- Effect modifier.
- Sensitivity.
- Specificity.
- Lead-time bias.
- Prognostic benefit of early detection.
