- Pre-clinical studies.
- Phase III trials.
- Pharmacovigilance.
- Drug discovery.
Category: Epidemoilogy
- Focus on treating individual patients in affected countries.
- Initiate rapid global surveillance, develop and disseminate diagnostic tests, and begin vaccine development efforts.
- Wait for the pandemic to subside naturally.
- Restrict all international travel indefinitely.
- Sensitivity.
- Specificity.
- Positive Predictive Value (PPV).
- Negative Predictive Value (NPV).
- Temporality.
- Strength of association.
- Consistency.
- Plausibility.
- Odds Ratio (OR).
- Number Needed to Treat (NNT).
- Relative Risk Reduction (RRR).
- Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR).
- Clinical stage.
- Pre-symptomatic stage.
- Recovery stage.
- Death.
- Cohort study (following all attendees for symptoms).
- Case-control study (comparing food exposures among ill and well attendees).
- Cross-sectional study.
- Clinical trial.
- Increasing the sample size.
- Randomization (if experimental) or matching in observational studies.
- Using a different outcome measure.
- Ignoring age altogether.
- Phase I.
- Phase II.
- Phase III.
- Phase IV (Post-marketing surveillance).
- They are expensive.
- They cannot establish individual-level associations due to the ecological fallacy.
- They are always biased.
- They only measure incidence.
- Incidence rate.
- Prevalence rate.
- Case-fatality rate.
- Mortality rate.
- Issue a general health warning about kidney disease.
- Conduct a rapid field investigation to identify common exposures, geographical distribution, and patient characteristics.
- Wait for more cases to appear.
- Assume it's a genetic predisposition.
- Sensitivity.
- Specificity.
- Positive Predictive Value.
- Negative Predictive Value.
- Strength of association.
- Consistency.
- Specificity.
- Dose-response relationship.
- Point prevalence.
- Period prevalence.
- Incidence rate.
- Case-fatality rate.
- The drug is definitely ineffective.
- The study lacked sufficient power to detect a true effect, or the drug truly has no significant effect.
- The drug is safe and effective.
- The placebo effect was too strong.
- Treat the child and send them back to school.
- Isolate the child, notify public health, and initiate immediate contact tracing and prophylactic treatment/vaccination for contacts.
- Wait for other cases to appear before acting.
- Only treat the child's symptoms.
- Generalizability.
- Statistical significance.
- Clinical relevance.
- Bias.
- Selection bias.
- Information bias (e.g., recall bias).
- Confounding.
- Observer bias.
