- Increased red blood cell destruction.
- Decreased iron absorption in the gut.
- Impaired production of erythropoietin by the kidneys.
- Excessive blood loss through dialysis.
Category: Pathophysiology
- Massive vasodilation and increased capillary permeability due to inflammatory mediators.
- Direct myocardial tissue damage.
- Pulmonary embolism.
- Hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.
- Direct bacterial infection.
- Friction and shear forces causing tissue deformation and ischemia.
- Allergic reaction to bedding material.
- Excessive moisture leading to maceration.
- Decrease blood flow to the injured area.
- Reduce capillary permeability.
- Increase blood flow to the injured area, facilitating delivery of immune cells.
- Constrict arterioles to limit swelling.
- Decreased oxygen demand by the heart.
- Inadequate oxygen supply to the myocardium.
- Increased venous return to the heart.
- Pulmonary hypertension.
- Atrophy.
- Hyperplasia.
- Metaplasia.
- Hypertrophy.
- Excessive insulin production leading to hypoglycemia.
- Absolute or relative insulin deficiency leading to increased fat metabolism and ketone body formation.
- Excessive fluid intake leading to hyponatremia.
- Increased renal excretion of glucose without ketone production.
- IgG antibodies.
- T-cytotoxic cells.
- IgE antibodies and mast cell degranulation.
- Immune complexes.
