- Direct inflammation of the renal parenchyma.
- Distension of the renal capsule and ureteral spasm.
- Ischemia of the kidney.
- Nerve compression in the spinal cord.
Category: BS Nursing
- Glomerular hyperfiltration.
- Direct tubular damage from myoglobin casts.
- Increased erythropoietin production.
- Renal artery stenosis.
- Increases reabsorption of sodium and water.
- Blocks aldosterone receptors.
- Inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle, leading to increased diuresis.
- Decreases heart rate.
- Complement activation.
- Autoantibody production.
- Massive release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils.
- T-cell mediated cytotoxicity.
- Acute inflammation of nerve endings.
- Demyelination due to autoimmune attack.
- Microvascular damage and metabolic alterations affecting nerve fibers.
- Compression of spinal nerves.
- Oral analgesics.
- Needle decompression for tension pneumothorax.
- Inhaled bronchodilator.
- IV antibiotics.
- Loss of dopaminergic neurons.
- Accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
- Demyelination of nerve fibers.
- Increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
- Increased metabolic rate.
- Decreased production of thyroid hormones, leading to a generalized hypometabolic state.
- Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands.
- Excess growth hormone.
- Peptic ulcer.
- Gastric cancer.
- Barrett's esophagus (metaplasia).
- Esophageal varices.
- Acute myocardial infarction.
- Esophageal rupture.
- Aortic dissection, requiring urgent surgical intervention.
- Pulmonary embolism.
- T-cell mediated destruction of tissues.
- Autoantibody production and immune complex deposition.
- IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction.
- Non-inflammatory joint degeneration.
- Pneumothorax.
- Myocardial infarction.
- Pulmonary embolism.
- Asthma exacerbation.
- Pneumonia.
- Asthma exacerbation.
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), requiring ventilatory support.
- Congestive heart failure.
- Directly relaxes vascular smooth muscle.
- Increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.
- Blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, reducing vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion.
- Stimulates sympathetic nervous system.
- Impaired glucose metabolism.
- Portal hypertension and hepatocellular dysfunction.
- Renal tubular damage.
- Increased bile production.
- Hemophilia.
- Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
- Vitamin K deficiency.
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA).
- Ischemic stroke due to cardioembolic event.
- Hemorrhagic stroke.
- Bell's palsy.
- Loss of alveolar elasticity.
- Chronic inflammation and reversible bronchoconstriction.
- Alveolar fluid accumulation.
- Pulmonary artery hypertension.
- Iron deficiency.
- Vitamin B12 deficiency.
- Decreased production of erythropoietin by the kidneys.
- Increased red blood cell destruction.
