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No.	Topics.	No.	Topics.
1.	Adult health nursing -II	2.	Adult Health Nursing 1
3.	Anatomy & Physialogy 1	4.	Anatomy & Physiology -II
5.	Antomy	6.	Applied Nutrition
7.	Behavioral Psychology	8.	Bio chemistry for nurses
9.	Clinical Practicum	10.	Community Health Nursing -I
11.	Community Health nursing -III	12.	Community Health Nursing-I
13.	Community Health-II	14.	computer skills
15.	Critical Care Nursing	16.	Cultural Health & Society
17.	Developmental Pcychology	18.	English -VI ( Academic Writing )
19.	English 1 Fundamental English	20.	English VII Professional Writing
21.	English-II Communication Skills	22.	english-iii-technical-presentation-skills
23.	English-IV	24.	English-V
25.	Epidemoilogy	26.	Fundamenatals Of Nursing -II
27.	Fundamental of nursing	28.	Health Assessement 1
29.	Health Assessment -II	30.	Introduction To Biostatistics
31.	Introduction to Nursing Theories	32.	Islamiat
33.	Leadership and management in Nursing	34.	Mathematics
35.	Microbiology	36.	Mrental Health Nursinig
37.	Nursing Ethics	38.	Nursing Research
39.	Pak Study	40.	Pathophysiology
41.	Pathophysiology-II	42.	Pediartic Health Nursing-II
43.	Pharmacology -II	44.	Pharmacology-I
45.	Teaching Learning Principles & Practice

52. What technical term describes the number of new cases of a disease in a specified population over a specified period, often expressed as a rate?

Point prevalence.
Period prevalence.
Incidence rate.
Case-fatality rate.

53. A randomized controlled trial comparing a new pain medication to a placebo finds no statistically significant difference in pain relief. What medicinal epidemiological implication is most appropriate?

The drug is definitely ineffective.
The study lacked sufficient power to detect a true effect, or the drug truly has no significant effect.
The drug is safe and effective.
The placebo effect was too strong.

51. An unvaccinated child is diagnosed with diphtheria, a highly contagious and serious bacterial infection. What is the urgent clinical and epidemiological action?

Treat the child and send them back to school.
Isolate the child, notify public health, and initiate immediate contact tracing and prophylactic treatment/vaccination for contacts.
Wait for other cases to appear before acting.
Only treat the child's symptoms.

50. In clinical practice, a physician considers a patient’s individual characteristics (age, comorbidities) when interpreting the results of a population-level epidemiological study. This is an example of applying which concept?

Generalizability.
Statistical significance.
Clinical relevance.
Bias.

49. A study finds that individuals who attend a specific gym have a higher incidence of a skin infection. What critical type of bias might be present if the study participants from the gym are more likely to report minor symptoms?

Selection bias.
Information bias (e.g., recall bias).
Confounding.
Observer bias.

47. What technical term describes the systematic ongoing collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data for public health action?

Screening.
Surveillance.
Case reporting.
Research.

48. A drug manufacturer submits a New Drug Application (NDA) to a regulatory agency. What medicinal epidemiological evidence is critically required to support this application?

Anecdotal reports from patients.
Robust evidence of efficacy and safety from Phase III clinical trials.
Only pre-clinical animal studies.
Opinions from key opinion leaders.

46. A sudden cluster of severe acute respiratory illness is reported among healthcare workers in a hospital. What is the urgent epidemiological action?

Close the hospital immediately.
Implement infection control measures, isolate suspected cases, and initiate contact tracing within the hospital.
Wait for the cluster to spread to the general population.
Treat all healthcare workers prophylactically.

45. A clinical laboratory develops a new diagnostic test for a disease. What epidemiological measure quantifies the test’s ability to correctly identify individuals who do not have the disease?

Sensitivity.
Specificity.
Positive Predictive Value.
Negative Predictive Value.

44. A study investigating the association between cell phone use and brain cancer finds a statistically significant result, but the confidence interval is very wide. What critical interpretation should be made?

The result is highly precise.
The result is statistically significant, but the effect estimate is imprecise and less reliable.
The study was poorly designed.
There is no association.

43. A pharmaceutical company is conducting a Phase II clinical trial for a new antidepressant. What medicinal aspect is primarily assessed in this phase?

Long-term safety and effectiveness in a large population.
Preliminary efficacy, dosage range, and short-term side effects in a small number of patients with the target condition.
Safety in healthy volunteers.
Post-marketing surveillance.

42. What technical term describes a disease that occurs regularly in a population, but at a low and relatively constant level?

Epidemic.
Pandemic.
Endemic.
Outbreak.

41. A patient presents to an emergency room with symptoms of botulism. What is the urgent epidemiological concern for public health?

Treating the individual patient is the only concern.
Immediate notification of public health authorities to investigate the source and prevent further cases.
Waiting for lab confirmation before any action.
Discharging the patient with antibiotics.

39. A retrospective cohort study investigating a potential occupational hazard and a rare disease is conducted. What critical challenge often arises in this type of study?

Ease of follow-up.
Difficulty in obtaining reliable historical exposure data.
High cost.
Ethical concerns about randomization.

40. A clinical trial for a new cancer therapy reports a statistically significant improvement in survival. What epidemiological concept ensures that the observed effect is likely due to the intervention rather than chance?

Bias.
Confounding.
Randomization.
Selection.

38. A new drug’s medicinal efficacy is determined by a randomized controlled trial. What technical measure quantifies the benefit of treatment by stating how many people need to be treated to prevent one adverse outcome?

Relative Risk (RR).
Odds Ratio (OR).
Number Needed to Treat (NNT).
Attributable Risk (AR).

37. What technical term describes the proportion of individuals in a population who have a disease at a specific point in time or over a specific period?

Incidence.
Prevalence.
Mortality.
Virulence.

36. Multiple individuals attending a church picnic develop severe gastrointestinal symptoms within hours. What is the urgent epidemiological action for public health officials?

Advise people to avoid all social gatherings.
Conduct immediate interviews to identify common food items consumed and onset times to pinpoint the source.
Wait for all affected individuals to seek medical care.
Focus on environmental sanitation of the church premises.

35. A clinical decision is made to discontinue a drug for a patient based on evidence of severe adverse effects reported in a post-marketing surveillance study. This reflects the impact of which epidemiological activity?

Clinical trials.
Pre-clinical research.
Pharmacovigilance.
Drug discovery.

Category: BS Nursing

52. What technical term describes the number of new cases of a disease in a specified population over a specified period, often expressed as a rate?

53. A randomized controlled trial comparing a new pain medication to a placebo finds no statistically significant difference in pain relief. What medicinal epidemiological implication is most appropriate?

51. An unvaccinated child is diagnosed with diphtheria, a highly contagious and serious bacterial infection. What is the urgent clinical and epidemiological action?

50. In clinical practice, a physician considers a patient’s individual characteristics (age, comorbidities) when interpreting the results of a population-level epidemiological study. This is an example of applying which concept?

49. A study finds that individuals who attend a specific gym have a higher incidence of a skin infection. What critical type of bias might be present if the study participants from the gym are more likely to report minor symptoms?

47. What technical term describes the systematic ongoing collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data for public health action?

48. A drug manufacturer submits a New Drug Application (NDA) to a regulatory agency. What medicinal epidemiological evidence is critically required to support this application?

46. A sudden cluster of severe acute respiratory illness is reported among healthcare workers in a hospital. What is the urgent epidemiological action?

45. A clinical laboratory develops a new diagnostic test for a disease. What epidemiological measure quantifies the test’s ability to correctly identify individuals who do not have the disease?

44. A study investigating the association between cell phone use and brain cancer finds a statistically significant result, but the confidence interval is very wide. What critical interpretation should be made?

43. A pharmaceutical company is conducting a Phase II clinical trial for a new antidepressant. What medicinal aspect is primarily assessed in this phase?

42. What technical term describes a disease that occurs regularly in a population, but at a low and relatively constant level?

41. A patient presents to an emergency room with symptoms of botulism. What is the urgent epidemiological concern for public health?

39. A retrospective cohort study investigating a potential occupational hazard and a rare disease is conducted. What critical challenge often arises in this type of study?

40. A clinical trial for a new cancer therapy reports a statistically significant improvement in survival. What epidemiological concept ensures that the observed effect is likely due to the intervention rather than chance?

38. A new drug’s medicinal efficacy is determined by a randomized controlled trial. What technical measure quantifies the benefit of treatment by stating how many people need to be treated to prevent one adverse outcome?

37. What technical term describes the proportion of individuals in a population who have a disease at a specific point in time or over a specific period?

36. Multiple individuals attending a church picnic develop severe gastrointestinal symptoms within hours. What is the urgent epidemiological action for public health officials?

35. A clinical decision is made to discontinue a drug for a patient based on evidence of severe adverse effects reported in a post-marketing surveillance study. This reflects the impact of which epidemiological activity?

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