'Can' changes to 'could'. 'This' changes to 'that'.
Pronoun 'us' -> 'them'.
Imperative command/advice uses 'advised' + infinitive.
Exclamatory adjective + 'very'.
'Have never been' backshifts to 'had never been'. 'Here' changes to 'there'.
Present Perfect Continuous backshifts to Past Perfect Continuous.
Exclamatory sentences become assertive. 'A' becomes 'a very' for emphasis.
Imperative command/request + infinitive.
Optative sentences expressing a wish/prayer use 'might' + base verb.
'Can' -> 'could', 'now' -> 'then'. Yes/No question requires 'if' or 'whether'.
'Have finished' -> 'had finished', 'now' -> 'then'.
Proverbs/Universal truths remain in present tense.
Past Continuous backshifts to Past Perfect Continuous. 'Last night' -> 'the previous night'.
Reporting verb is in past, so backshift to past perfect is required. Pronoun 'I' changes to 'he'.
Interrogative structure changes to assertive in indirect speech. Tense backshifts.
Imperative request requires 'requested' + infinitive. Pronoun 'me' changes to 'her'.
Universal truths do not undergo backshifting; they remain in Present Simple.
'Will' changes to 'would'. 'Tomorrow' changes to 'the next day'.
'Giving' and 'receiving' are gerunds.
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