Lipids

Neutral fats (triglycerides) have three fatty acids and no phosphate group.

Hydrophobic tails avoid water and remain inside the membrane.

Glycerol contains three hydroxyl (-OH) groups.

Each hydroxyl group of glycerol forms one ester bond with a fatty acid.

Phospholipids exhibit lateral movement, contributing to membrane fluidity.

Double bonds are the defining feature of unsaturated fatty acids.

Condensation reactions release water during ester bond formation.

Phospholipids form the structural framework of cellular membranes.

Lipids contain more hydrogen atoms and fewer oxygen atoms, producing more ATP upon oxidation.

Pancreatic lipase acts mainly in the small intestine after emulsification by bile salts.

Ester linkages form between glycerol hydroxyl groups and fatty acid carboxyl groups.

A phospholipid has two fatty acids and one phosphate-containing group attached to glycerol.

Triglycerides provide concentrated energy storage in adipose tissue.

Acylglycerols are esters formed by the reaction of glycerol with one or more fatty acids.

Lipase specifically hydrolyzes ester bonds present in triglycerides.

Phospholipids arrange into a bilayer with hydrophilic heads outward and hydrophobic tails inward, forming a selectively permeable membrane.

Esterification joins glycerol and fatty acids by removing one molecule of water.

Mixed triglycerides contain two or three different fatty acids attached to glycerol.

Double bonds introduce bends that reduce tight packing of fatty acid chains.