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Pathophysiology

141 questions found

Practice Questions

A patient develops a tumor that metastasizes through the lymphatic system. This is a common route for:

A. Sarcomas.
B. Carcinomas.
C. Leukemias.
D. Lymphomas.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with severe stress develops peptic ulcers. This can be attributed to:

A. Increased gastric blood flow.
B. Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity.
C. Increased gastric acid secretion and decreased mucosal protection.
D. Enhanced mucosal repair.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with chronic anemia develops compensatory tachycardia. This physiological response aims to:

A. Decrease oxygen demand.
B. Increase oxygen delivery to tissues by increasing cardiac output.
C. Reduce blood pressure.
D. Promote fluid retention.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with chronic liver disease develops ascites. This is primarily due to:

A. Decreased portal venous pressure.
B. Increased albumin synthesis.
C. Portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia.
D. Increased lymphatic flow from the legs.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a spinal cord injury at T6 develops neurogenic shock. This type of shock is characterized by:

A. Tachycardia and vasoconstriction.
B. Bradycardia and massive vasodilation.
C. Increased sympathetic tone.
D. Fluid overload.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a genetic disorder has abnormal hemoglobin, leading to sickled red blood cells. This condition is:

A. Hemophilia.
B. Thalassemia.
C. Sickle cell anemia.
D. Aplastic anemia.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develops hyperphosphatemia. This is primarily due to:

A. Increased renal excretion of phosphate.
B. Impaired renal excretion of phosphate.
C. Increased dietary phosphate intake.
D. Decreased vitamin D activation.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a severe allergic reaction experiences a sudden drop in blood pressure. This is due to:

A. Widespread vasoconstriction.
B. Massive vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.
C. Bradycardia.
D. Increased cardiac output.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with severe trauma develops hemorrhagic shock. The primary compensatory mechanism involves:

A. Decreased heart rate.
B. Vasodilation.
C. Increased systemic vascular resistance and heart rate.
D. Increased urine output.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a genetic disorder has a mutated gene that leads to a deficiency in a lysosomal enzyme, causing accumulation of waste products in cells. This is an example of a:

A. Mitochondrial disorder.
B. Storage disorder.
C. Chromosomal abnormality.
D. Multifactorial disorder.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a severe bacterial infection develops uncontrolled activation of the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis. This suggests:

A. Hemophilia.
B. Von Willebrand disease.
C. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC).
D. Thrombocytopenia.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) develops oliguria. This refers to:

A. Excessive urine output.
B. No urine output.
C. Decreased urine output.
D. Blood in the urine.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a chronic autoimmune disease, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), may experience photosensitivity. This is due to:

A. Increased melanin production.
B. Autoantibody reactions to UV light-damaged cells.
C. Vitamin D deficiency.
D. Impaired skin regeneration.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with Graves’ disease (hyperthyroidism) experiences symptoms like weight loss, tachycardia, and heat intolerance. This is caused by:

A. Decreased thyroid hormone production.
B. Autoimmune stimulation of thyroid hormone production.
C. Increased TSH levels.
D. Hypothalamic dysfunction.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with iron deficiency anemia has fatigue and pallor due to:

A. Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
B. Increased white blood cell count.
C. Elevated platelet count.
D. Fluid retention.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a chronic inflammatory condition (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) experiences morning stiffness that lasts for hours. This is a characteristic of:

A. Acute inflammation.
B. Chronic inflammation.
C. Resolution of inflammation.
D. Regeneration.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a head injury develops central diabetes insipidus. This is due to a deficiency in which hormone?

A. ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone).
B. Aldosterone.
C. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
D. Cortisol.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with uncontrolled hypertension develops target organ damage. This is primarily due to:

A. Hypovolemia.
B. Persistent high pressure damaging blood vessels and organs.
C. Low blood glucose levels.
D. Enhanced renal function.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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