Respiration

Protein catabolism ultimately feeds into respiratory pathways.

Greater hydrogen content provides more electrons for ATP generation.

Amino groups must first be removed.

Acetyl-CoA is the central substrate for the Krebs cycle.

Glycerol enters glycolysis, fatty acids yield acetyl-CoA for Krebs cycle.

β-oxidation repeatedly cleaves fatty acids into acetyl-CoA units.

Deamination removes the amino group before respiration.

Both glucose and fatty acids ultimately produce acetyl-CoA.

Fat reserves become the major source of energy.

β-oxidation releases acetyl-CoA and reducing equivalents.

Fatty acids undergo β-oxidation producing acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle.

Lipases hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids.

Glycerol enters glycolysis after conversion into suitable intermediates.

β-oxidation repeatedly removes two-carbon acetyl-CoA units.

Carbon skeletons enter various points of cellular respiration.