BIO NMDCAT

Correct: Bone contains abundant calcium salts that provide rigidity. A: Both tissues contain collagen. C: Osteocytes are bone cells. D: Cartilage has a well-developed matrix. Concept: Mechanical properties of bone and cartilage.

Correct: Both tissues are connective tissues with cells embedded in a matrix. A: Only bone has Haversian canals. B: Cartilage is avascular. D: Elastic fibers are mainly found in elastic cartilage. Concept: Comparison of connective tissues.

Correct: Collagen provides tensile strength and flexibility. Without it, bone becomes brittle. A: Rigidity depends mainly on minerals. C: Minerals are stored in the matrix. D: Osteons are structural units, not formed by collagen alone. Concept: Organic matrix of bone.

Correct: Most embryonic bones develop from cartilage through endochondral ossification. A: Bone is harder than cartilage. C: Cartilage contains fewer mineral salts. D: Most cartilage is replaced by bone before adulthood. Concept: Embryonic skeletal development and ossification.

Correct: Cartilage is avascular, so nutrients diffuse through the matrix from surrounding tissues. A & C: These are features of bone, not cartilage. D: Periosteum surrounds bone, not cartilage. Concept: Nutrition of cartilage.

Correct: Bone combines hardness from mineral salts with strength from collagen fibers. A: Bone is not highly elastic. C: Chondrin is characteristic of cartilage. D: Bone contains living cells. Concept: Structure-function relationship of bone.

Correct: The epiphyseal plate is responsible for longitudinal bone growth. Early closure prevents further increase in bone length. A: Thickness growth continues through periosteum. C & D: These are unrelated. Concept: Growth of long bones.

Correct: Osteoblasts build bone, while osteoclasts resorb bone, maintaining bone homeostasis. A, C & D: These cell pairs do not perform bone remodeling together. Concept: Bone remodeling.

Correct: Blood vessels and osteoblasts enable efficient repair of bone. A: Chondrin is found in cartilage. C: Bone has abundant matrix. D: Flexibility is greater in cartilage. Concept: Bone healing.

Correct: Decalcified bone becomes flexible because collagen remains, similar to cartilage. A & D: Mineral content is low in decalcified bone and cartilage. C: Haversian canals occur only in bone. Concept: Mechanical properties of connective tissues.

Correct: Haversian systems are unique to compact bone. A: Both tissues contain cells in lacunae. B & D: Both possess extracellular matrix and collagen. Concept: Histological comparison.

Correct: Epiphyseal cartilage is gradually replaced by bone during growth. B, C, D: These processes do not occur at growth plates. Concept: Bone growth and ossification.

Correct: The periosteum contains osteoblasts responsible for appositional growth and fracture repair. A: Blood cells are produced in bone marrow. C: Mineral storage continues in existing bone. D: Protection remains unless bone is damaged. Concept: Role of periosteum.

Correct: Calcium salts provide rigidity and hardness. A: Elasticity depends mainly on collagen. C: Bones do not contract. D: Bones do not conduct nerve impulses. Concept: Mineral composition of bone.

Correct: Chondrocytes occupy lacunae within cartilage. A: Canaliculi connect bone cells. C: Osteons are structural units of compact bone. D: Haversian canals contain blood vessels in bone. Concept: Microscopic structure of cartilage.

Correct: Bones store calcium and phosphorus; mineral loss decreases bone density. A: Bones are not endocrine organs. C: Bones do not produce digestive enzymes. D: Glycogen is stored mainly in liver and muscles. Concept: Mineral storage function of bone.

Correct: Acid dissolves mineral salts, leaving collagen fibers that provide flexibility. A & B: These mineral salts are removed by acid. D: Bone marrow does not maintain bone shape. Concept: Organic and inorganic components of bone.

Correct: Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption, essential for bone mineralization. A: Collagen synthesis is not its primary role. C: Cartilage formation is unaffected directly. D: Muscle contraction depends mainly on calcium availability, not vitamin D directly. Concept: Bone mineralization.

Correct: Cartilage heals slowly due to the absence of blood vessels. A: Cell number is not the primary reason. C & D: Both tissues contain connective elements but differ in vascularity. Concept: Healing of cartilage.