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BS Nursing

5385 questions found

Practice Questions

Bacteria avoiding WBC engulfment:

A. Adhesion factor
B. Evasive factor
C. Invasive factor
D. Enterotoxin

Evasion helps pathogen escape immune system.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Surviving inside phagocytes:

A. Invasive factor
B. Evasive factor
C. Exotoxin release
D. Incubation

Pathogen avoids intracellular killing.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Exotoxin vs endotoxin difference:

A. Lipid vs protein
B. Secreted vs released on death
C. Fever vs no fever
D. Always heat stable

Exotoxins are actively secreted.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Toxin used in vaccines as toxoid:

A. Endotoxin
B. Lipid
C. Exotoxin
D. Peptidoglycan

Exotoxins can be inactivated into toxoids.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

TRUE about inflammation:

A. Non-vascular only
B. Disease itself
C. Vascular tissue response
D. Always pus

Inflammation is protective response of vascular tissues.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Pneumonia after inhalation of bacteria is:

A. Intrinsic etiology
B. Extrinsic etiology
C. Idiopathic
D. Metabolic

External infectious agents cause disease.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Cold virus exposure without symptoms is:

A. Manifestation stage
B. Recovery stage
C. Incubation period
D. Prognosis stage

Time between infection and symptoms is incubation period.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Symptoms like sore throat and runny nose indicate:

A. Etiology stage
B. Manifestation stage
C. Resolution stage
D. Predisposing stage

This is the symptomatic phase of disease.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Cholera from contaminated water portal of entry:

A. Penetration
B. Ingestion
C. Inhalation
D. Direct contact

Pathogen enters through mouth via contaminated water.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Prediction of disease outcome is:

A. Prognosis
B. Etiology
C. Pathogenesis
D. Prevalence

Prognosis predicts disease course and outcome.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Calor is:

A. Swelling
B. Heat
C. Loss of function
D. Redness

Calor refers to heat in inflammation.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Gradual disease with unclear symptoms:

A. Fulminant
B. Insidious
C. Acute invasive
D. Subclinical

Insidious diseases develop slowly and subtly.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Ability to invade and produce toxins:

A. Incubation
B. Virulence
C. Prognosis
D. Prevalence

Virulence is the disease-causing strength of pathogen.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Severe infection stage with rapid spread:

A. Subclinical
B. Invasive/acute
C. Incubation
D. Convalescence

Pathogen multiplies rapidly causing symptoms.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Protein toxin released during bacterial growth:

A. Endotoxin
B. Exotoxin
C. Antibody
D. Cytokine

Exotoxins are secreted proteins from bacteria.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Best example of pathophysiology?

A. Identifying bacteria
B. Studying disease mechanisms
C. Performing autopsy
D. Examining biopsy

Pathophysiology explains functional changes in disease.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Infection due to contaminated IV line is:

A. Idiopathic
B. Iatrogenic
C. Congenital
D. Nutritional

Iatrogenic diseases result from medical procedures.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Sickle cell anemia inherited from parents is:

A. Congenital non-hereditary
B. Hereditary disease
C. Traumatic
D. Toxic

It is genetically inherited from parents.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Age and gender increasing risk of disease are:

A. Precipitating factors
B. Predisposing factors
C. Infectious causes
D. Iatrogenic causes

They increase risk but do not directly cause disease.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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