Conjugated molecules

Hydroxyl groups on sugar residues form hydrogen bonds with surrounding water molecules, rendering the region highly hydrophilic.

Conjugated molecules consist of a basic biomolecule chemically bound to a distinct, non-protein or structural component termed a prosthetic group.

Glycolipids are formed when carbohydrate groups (oligosaccharides) attach covalently to fatty acids or glycerol backbones within membranes.

Immunoglobulins (antibodies) and cell-surface receptors are functionally classified as glycoproteins due to their oligosaccharide chains.

Histones are basic proteins that bind tightly to the acidic phosphate backbone of DNA, creating a conjugated nucleoprotein complex.