Human skeleton

Correct: Articular cartilage provides a smooth, shock-absorbing surface at joints. A: Red blood cells are produced in bone marrow. C: Tendons attach muscles to bones. D: Mineral storage is mainly a function of bone. Concept: Function of articular cartilage.

Correct: Collagen gives bones flexibility and resistance to breaking. A: Hardness is due to mineral salts. C: Minerals are stored in bone, not collagen. D: Blood cells are produced in bone marrow. Concept: Role of collagen in bone.

Correct: Bone contains living osteocytes, blood vessels, and nerves, making it metabolically active. A: Minerals alone are non-living. C: Bone has abundant extracellular matrix. D: Bone has a remarkable capacity for repair. Concept: Characteristics of living bone tissue.

Correct: Osteoblasts beneath the periosteum deposit new bone on the outer surface, increasing bone thickness. A: Chondrocytes increase bone length. C: Osteoclasts resorb bone. D: Osteocytes mainly maintain bone tissue. Concept: Appositional growth of bone.

Correct: Chondrin gives cartilage resilience and flexibility for shock absorption. A: Mineralization makes bone rigid. C: Osteons are bone structures. D: Cartilage is avascular. Concept: Structure-function relationship of cartilage.

Correct: Epiphyseal cartilage is gradually replaced by bone during growth. B, C, D: These processes do not occur at growth plates. Concept: Bone growth and ossification.

Correct: The periosteum contains osteoblasts responsible for appositional growth and fracture repair. A: Blood cells are produced in bone marrow. C: Mineral storage continues in existing bone. D: Protection remains unless bone is damaged. Concept: Role of periosteum.

Correct: Calcium salts provide rigidity and hardness. A: Elasticity depends mainly on collagen. C: Bones do not contract. D: Bones do not conduct nerve impulses. Concept: Mineral composition of bone.

Correct: Chondrocytes occupy lacunae within cartilage. A: Canaliculi connect bone cells. C: Osteons are structural units of compact bone. D: Haversian canals contain blood vessels in bone. Concept: Microscopic structure of cartilage.

Correct: Bones store calcium and phosphorus; mineral loss decreases bone density. A: Bones are not endocrine organs. C: Bones do not produce digestive enzymes. D: Glycogen is stored mainly in liver and muscles. Concept: Mineral storage function of bone.

Correct: Acid dissolves mineral salts, leaving collagen fibers that provide flexibility. A & B: These mineral salts are removed by acid. D: Bone marrow does not maintain bone shape. Concept: Organic and inorganic components of bone.

Correct: Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption, essential for bone mineralization. A: Collagen synthesis is not its primary role. C: Cartilage formation is unaffected directly. D: Muscle contraction depends mainly on calcium availability, not vitamin D directly. Concept: Bone mineralization.

Correct: Cartilage heals slowly due to the absence of blood vessels. A: Cell number is not the primary reason. C & D: Both tissues contain connective elements but differ in vascularity. Concept: Healing of cartilage.

Correct: Compact bone consists of osteons and a mineralized matrix that provides great strength. A: Chondrin is found in cartilage. C: Bone has abundant extracellular matrix. D: Elastic fibers increase flexibility, not compressive strength. Concept: Structure of compact bone.

Correct: Blood vessels supply nutrients, while osteoblasts produce new bone during healing. A: Elastic cartilage is found in the ear. C: Chondrocytes are cartilage cells. D: Dense connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments. Concept: Bone repair.

Correct: Hyaline cartilage is flexible and resilient, allowing structures like the nose to bend and regain shape. A: Compact bone is rigid. C: Skeletal muscle contracts rather than providing structural flexibility. D: Dense connective tissue lacks the elasticity of cartilage. Concept: Structure-function relationship of cartilage.

Correct: Bone hardness results from deposition of calcium phosphate and other mineral salts. A: Collagen provides tensile strength but not hardness alone. C: Elastic fibers increase flexibility. D: Chondrin is characteristic of cartilage. Concept: Composition of bone matrix.

Correct: Cartilage is avascular, so nutrients diffuse through the matrix, making repair slow. A: Bone is richly vascularized. B: Muscle has a good blood supply. D: Tendons receive more blood than cartilage. Concept: Vascularity and healing.

Correct: Removal of mineral salts leaves collagen fibers, making the bone flexible. A: Brittleness occurs when collagen is removed. C: Organic matrix remains intact. D: The bone can bend after decalcification. Concept: Role of inorganic and organic components of bone.