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Microbiology

120 questions found

Practice Questions

The type of immune cell that directly attacks and destroys infected cells is the:

A. B-cell
B. Helper T-cell
C. Cytotoxic T-cell
D. Plasma cell
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient develops a bloodstream infection after receiving intravenous fluids. This is a common route for:

A. Direct contact transmission
B. Indirect contact transmission
C. Airborne transmission
D. Fomite transmission
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A nurse is educating a patient about viral infections. Viruses are often classified based on their:

A. Cell wall composition.
B. Gram stain reaction.
C. Type of genetic material (DNA or RNA).
D. Ability to produce spores.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

The period during an infection when signs and symptoms are most severe is called the:

A. Incubation period
B. Prodromal period
C. Illness period
D. Convalescence period
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient is diagnosed with a persistent infection, such as chronic hepatitis B. This type of infection is characterized by:

A. Rapid onset and short duration.
B. The pathogen remaining in the body for long periods, often causing chronic symptoms.
C. A rapid immune response and complete pathogen clearance.
D. No symptoms ever appearing.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A nurse is reviewing the results of a culture and sensitivity test. The sensitivity part indicates:

A. The type of bacteria present.
B. The specific antibiotic that the bacteria are susceptible to.
C. The number of bacteria present.
D. The patient's immune response to the bacteria.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

The immune response mediated by B-cells and antibodies in bodily fluids is known as:

A. Cell-mediated immunity
B. Humoral immunity
C. Innate immunity
D. Passive immunity
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with pneumonia is diagnosed with an infection caused by a bacterium that is resistant to multiple antibiotics. This is an example of:

A. A localized infection
B. A multidrug-resistant (MDR) organism
C. An opportunistic infection
D. A viral coinfection
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

The process of killing or removal of all microorganisms, including bacterial spores, is called:

A. Disinfection
B. Antisepsis
C. Sterilization
D. Sanitization
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

The bacteria that thrive in extremely hot environments are classified as:

A. Psychrophiles
B. Mesophiles
C. Thermophiles
D. Halophiles
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A nurse is monitoring a patient for signs of a healthcare-associated infection. Common sites for HAIs include:

A. Surgical sites, urinary tract, respiratory tract, bloodstream
B. Skin, hair, nails
C. Eyes, ears, nose
D. Teeth, gums, tongue
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

The process by which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics due to overuse or misuse is a major public health concern. This is primarily driven by:

A. Patient non-compliance with antibiotic regimen.
B. Natural selection and genetic mutation.
C. The antibiotic killing all bacteria.
D. Antibiotics strengthening the bacteria.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient is diagnosed with a helminthic infection. Helminths are:

A. Single-celled protozoa.
B. Microscopic fungi.
C. Multicellular parasitic worms.
D. Non-living infectious agents.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A nurse is performing wound care. The presence of green-blue pus might suggest an infection with:

A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. Streptococcus pyogenes
C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D. Escherichia coli
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

The study of parasites is called:

A. Bacteriology
B. Mycology
C. Parasitology
D. Virology
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with diphtheria is treated with an antitoxin. Antitoxins provide:

A. Active immunity
B. Passive immunity
C. Innate immunity
D. Cellular immunity
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient is infected with a bacterium that produces an enterotoxin, causing severe diarrhea. Enterotoxins primarily affect the:

A. Nervous system
B. Immune system
C. Gastrointestinal tract
D. Respiratory system
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

The highest temperature at which a microorganism can grow is its:

A. Optimal growth temperature
B. Minimum growth temperature
C. Maximum growth temperature
D. Thermal death point
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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