BS Nursing Pathophysiology-II
nmdcat.online June 6, 2026

175. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develops peripheral edema and jugular venous distension. What is the technical primary pathophysiological cause of these signs in COPD?

A. Left-sided heart failure.
B. Cor pulmonale (right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension).
C. Renal failure.
D. Liver cirrhosis.

📖 Additional Information

  • Left-sided heart failure.
  • Cor pulmonale (right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension).
  • Renal failure.
  • Liver cirrhosis.

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