19. An epidemiologist identifies a spurious association between ice cream sales and drowning deaths. What critical epidemiological concept explains this observation?
A.
Reverse causation.
B.
Confounding by a common factor (e.g., hot weather).
✓
C.
Selection bias.
D.
Information bias.
📖 Additional Information
Reverse causation.
Confounding by a common factor (e.g., hot weather).
