BS Nursing Pathophysiology-II
nmdcat.online June 6, 2026

191. A patient with a history of smoking develops lung cancer. What is the technical primary pathophysiological mechanism of carcinogenesis in lung cancer due to smoking?

A. Viral infection.
B. DNA damage and mutations in lung cells induced by carcinogens in tobacco smoke.
C. Autoimmune reaction.
D. Bacterial infection.

📖 Additional Information

  • Viral infection.
  • DNA damage and mutations in lung cells induced by carcinogens in tobacco smoke.
  • Autoimmune reaction.
  • Bacterial infection.

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