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39. A patient with a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease develops intermittent claudication (pain in the legs with exertion, relieved by rest). What is the technical primary pathophysiological cause of this symptom?
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41. A patient with liver cirrhosis develops hepatic encephalopathy, characterized by confusion, asterixis, and altered mental status. What is the technical primary pathophysiological mechanism causing this complication?
