BS Nursing Pathophysiology-II
nmdcat.online June 6, 2026

5. A 72-year-old male with a long history of smoking presents with chronic productive cough, dyspnea on exertion, and recurrent respiratory infections. His PFTs show decreased FEV1?/FVC ratio. What is the technical primary pathophysiological change characteristic of emphysema?

A. Reversible bronchoconstriction.
B. Alveolar wall destruction and enlargement of airspaces.
✓
C. Excessive mucus production and chronic airway inflammation.
D. Pulmonary fibrosis.

📖 Additional Information

  • Reversible bronchoconstriction.
  • Alveolar wall destruction and enlargement of airspaces.
  • Excessive mucus production and chronic airway inflammation.
  • Pulmonary fibrosis.

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