BS Nursing Pathophysiology-II
nmdcat.online June 6, 2026

5. A 72-year-old male with a long history of smoking presents with chronic productive cough, dyspnea on exertion, and recurrent respiratory infections. His PFTs show decreased FEV1?/FVC ratio. What is the technical primary pathophysiological change characteristic of emphysema?

A. Reversible bronchoconstriction.
B. Alveolar wall destruction and enlargement of airspaces.
C. Excessive mucus production and chronic airway inflammation.
D. Pulmonary fibrosis.

📖 Additional Information

  • Reversible bronchoconstriction.
  • Alveolar wall destruction and enlargement of airspaces.
  • Excessive mucus production and chronic airway inflammation.
  • Pulmonary fibrosis.

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