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BS Nursing Pathophysiology-II
nmdcat.online June 6, 2026

88. A patient with acute kidney injury is diagnosed with pre-renal azotemia. What is the technical primary pathophysiological cause?

A. Obstruction of the urinary tract.
B. Reduced renal perfusion (e.g., due to hypovolemia or decreased cardiac output).
✓
C. Direct damage to kidney tubules.
D. Glomerular inflammation.

📖 Additional Information

  • Obstruction of the urinary tract.
  • Reduced renal perfusion (e.g., due to hypovolemia or decreased cardiac output).
  • Direct damage to kidney tubules.
  • Glomerular inflammation.

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