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Practice Questions

A student is tasked with drawing the basic structure of an amino acid. They correctly identify that all amino acids found in proteins contain a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a unique side chain (R-group). The R-group primarily determines the amino acid’s:

A. Melting point
B. Size
C. Polarity and chemical properties ✓
D. Molecular weight
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with uncontrolled diabetes is experiencing severe muscle weakness and fatigue. Biochemically, this could be linked to an impaired ability of cells to generate ATP effectively through glucose oxidation. Which of the following molecules directly acts as the primary energy currency of the cell?

A. Glucose
B. ADP
C. AMP
D. ATP ✓
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A molecular biologist is studying the structure of DNA. They recall that the two strands of the DNA double helix are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs. Which base pairing correctly describes this interaction?

A. Adenine with Guanine, Cytosine with Thymine
B. Adenine with Thymine, Cytosine with Guanine ✓
C. Adenine with Cytosine, Guanine with Thymine
D. Adenine with Uracil, Cytosine with Guanine
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A dietician is explaining the importance of different types of fats in the diet. They describe a lipid molecule composed of a glycerol backbone esterified to three fatty acids. This molecule is commonly known as a:

A. Phospholipid
B. Steroid
C. Triglyceride ✓
D. Waxes
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A clinical scenario involves a patient with a genetic defect affecting a mitochondrial enzyme crucial for aerobic respiration. Which of the following metabolic pathways would be most directly and significantly impacted by this defect?

A. Glycolysis
B. Pentose Phosphate Pathway
C. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) ✓
D. Glycogenesis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A medical student is learning about the different types of carbohydrates. They identify a polysaccharide that serves as the primary storage form of glucose in animals, predominantly found in the liver and muscles. This polysaccharide is:

A. Starch
B. Cellulose
C. Glycogen ✓
D. Chitin
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A biochemist is studying a newly discovered enzyme. They observe that as the substrate concentration increases, the reaction rate initially increases rapidly but then plateaus. This plateau indicates that the enzyme has reached its maximum velocity (Vmax?), which is defined as:

A. The substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is half of Vmax?
B. The initial rate of reaction
C. The reaction rate when all enzyme active sites are saturated with substrate ✓
D. The point at which the enzyme begins to denature
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient presents with severe metabolic acidosis. The body’s buffer systems are crucial in maintaining blood pH within a narrow range. Which of the following is the most important extracellular buffer system in human blood?

A. Phosphate buffer system
B. Protein buffer system
C. Bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system ✓
D. Ammonia buffer system
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

200. You are responding to a patient with acute onset shortness of breath and an audible wheeze. What is the immediate action?

A. Administer a bronchodilator (if ordered/protocol), apply oxygen, and elevate head of bed ✓
B. Place the patient supine
C. Give a sedative
D. Encourage deep coughing
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

199. A client in a therapy session describes hearing voices that tell them to do things. What is your immediate clinical priority?

A. Explore the content of the voices, specifically if they are commanding harm to self or others ✓
B. Tell them the voices are not real
C. Ignore the voices
D. Document the voices and proceed as usual
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

198. You are assisting a patient with feeding who has dysphagia (difficulty swallowing). What is the critical safety intervention?

A. Provide thin liquids
B. Place the patient in a supine position
C. Ensure the patient is upright and offer small, frequent bites, checking for pockets of food ✓
D. Rush the feeding process
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

197. A patient with diabetes develops a new, non-healing foot ulcer. What is the most urgent concern?

A. Aesthetic appearance of the foot
B. Risk of infection and potential amputation ✓
C. Minor skin irritation
D. Decreased mobility
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

196. A patient with a history of seizure disorder is prescribed an anti-epileptic medication. What critical patient teaching point should be emphasized?

A. Discontinue the medication if seizures stop
B. Take the medication only when a seizure is felt coming on
C. Take the medication consistently as prescribed to maintain therapeutic levels ✓
D. Double the dose if a seizure occurs
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

195. You are preparing to administer medication through an IV line. What is the critical step before administering the medication if the IV is infusing other fluids?

A. Stop the primary infusion, flush, administer medication, flush, and restart infusion ✓
B. Administer the medication directly into the primary infusion bag
C. Administer the medication without flushing
D. Administer the medication very slowly
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

194. A patient reports feeling consistently “down,” having trouble sleeping, and lacking energy for the past few weeks, but denies any specific stressors. What screening tool could be used to further assess for depression?

A. MMSE
B. PHQ-9 or Beck Depression Inventory ✓
C. GAD-7
D. CAGE questionnaire
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

193. A patient suddenly experiences loss of consciousness. You confirm they are not breathing and have no pulse. What is your immediate action?

A. Begin chest compressions and call for help ✓
B. Call the physician only
C. Wait for the code team
D. Start an IV line
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

192. When documenting a patient’s pain, what components should be included?

A. Only the pain intensity
B. Location, intensity, quality, onset, duration, aggravating/alleviating factors ✓
C. Only the medication administered
D. Only the patient's emotional response
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

191. A patient reports symptoms of depression, anxiety, and irritability, but denies suicidal ideation or psychosis. What is the most appropriate general category of medication to consider first-line?

A. Antipsychotics
B. Mood stabilizers
C. Benzodiazepines
D. Antidepressants (e.g., SSRIs) ✓
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

190. A patient on a psychiatric unit is prescribed Clozapine. What critical monitoring is required due to the risk of agranulocytosis?

A. Daily blood pressure monitoring
B. Weekly CBC (Complete Blood Count) monitoring ✓
C. Daily weight monitoring
D. Monthly liver function tests
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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