cataphoric and anaphoric reference English NMDCAT
nmdcat.online July 26, 2026

Q40. Which statement about reference is correct?

A. Anaphora always refers to future information.
B. Cataphora always refers backward.
C. Anaphora refers backward, while cataphora refers forward.
D. Dummy pronouns always have antecedents.

📝 Explanation

This is the fundamental distinction between the two types of reference and is frequently tested in NMDCAT and ETEA English sections.

📖 Additional Information

  • Anaphora always refers to future information.
  • Cataphora always refers backward.
  • Anaphora refers backward, while cataphora refers forward.
  • Dummy pronouns always have antecedents.

This is the fundamental distinction between the two types of reference and is frequently tested in NMDCAT and ETEA English sections.

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