nmdcat.online

Practice Questions

The girl said, “Hurrah! I have won.”

A. The girl exclaimed with joy that she had won. ✓
B. The girl exclaimed that she has won.
C. The girl exclaimed with joy that she has won.
D. The girl said that she had won.

'Hurrah' requires 'exclaimed with joy'.

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nmdcat.online direct and indirect narrations
Jul 8, 2026

He said, “I will have finished by then.”

A. He said that he would have finished by then. ✓
B. He said that he will have finished by then.
C. He said that he would have finished by that time.
D. He said that he would finished by then.

'Will have' -> 'would have'.

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nmdcat.online direct and indirect narrations
Jul 8, 2026

She said to me, “Give me a glass of water.”

A. She requested me to give her a glass of water. ✓
B. She ordered me to give her a glass of water.
C. She asked me give her a glass of water.
D. She requested me to give me a glass of water.

Imperative command/request + infinitive.

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nmdcat.online direct and indirect narrations
Jul 8, 2026

He said, “I have been working since morning.”

A. He said that he had been working since morning. ✓
B. He said that he has been working since morning.
C. He said that he had worked since morning.
D. He said that he worked since morning.

Present Perfect Continuous backshifts to Past Perfect Continuous.

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Jul 8, 2026

“How clever you are!” he said.

A. He exclaimed that I was very clever. ✓
B. He exclaimed how clever I am.
C. He exclaimed that I am very clever.
D. He exclaimed that how clever I was.

Exclamatory adjective + 'very'.

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Jul 8, 2026

He said to me, “Are you coming with us?”

A. He asked me if I was coming with them. ✓
B. He asked me if I am coming with us.
C. He asked me if I was coming with us.
D. He asked me if you were coming with them.

Pronoun 'us' -> 'them'.

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Jul 8, 2026

She said, “I was cleaning the house.”

A. She said that she had been cleaning the house. ✓
B. She said that she was cleaning the house.
C. She said that she has been cleaning the house.
D. She said that she cleaned the house.

Past Continuous backshifts to Past Perfect Continuous.

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nmdcat.online direct and indirect narrations
Jul 8, 2026

The teacher said, “Water boils at 100°C.”

A. The teacher said that water boiled at 100°C.
B. The teacher said that water boils at 100°C. ✓
C. The teacher said that water had boiled at 100°C.
D. The teacher said that water is boiling at 100°C.

Scientific facts do not backshift.

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nmdcat.online direct and indirect narrations
Jul 8, 2026

He said, “I might visit you today.”

A. He said that he might visit me that day. ✓
B. He said that he may visit me today.
C. He said that he might visit me today.
D. He said that he might visited me that day.

'Might' does not backshift. 'Today' -> 'that day'.

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nmdcat.online direct and indirect narrations
Jul 8, 2026

She asked, “Have you seen my book?”

A. She asked me if I had seen her book. ✓
B. She asked me if I have seen my book.
C. She asked me if I had seen my book.
D. She asked me whether I have seen her book.

'Have seen' -> 'had seen'. Pronoun 'my' -> 'her'.

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nmdcat.online direct and indirect narrations
Jul 8, 2026
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