Anaphora refers backward to an earlier noun, while cataphora refers forward to a noun introduced later.
She comes before the captain, making it a cataphoric reference.
The extraposed form uses dummy it, followed by the infinitive clause.
He appears before its referent the chairman.
It is a dummy subject referring forward to the clause that the lecture has been postponed.
Them refers forward to the maps, so it is cataphoric.
This refers back to the new education policy, making it an anaphoric reference.
He could refer to either Ali or Bilal, making the sentence unclear.
Assignments is plural, so the correct pronoun should be them, not it.
He appears before Ahmed, so it is a correct cataphoric reference.
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