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Practice Questions

A patient develops a severe systemic infection (sepsis) due to the presence of bacterial toxins in the bloodstream. These toxins are often released when Gram-negative bacteria lyse, and are known as:

A. Exotoxins
B. Endotoxins ✓
C. Neurotoxins
D. Enterotoxins
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

The process of consuming and engulfing foreign particles, such as bacteria, by cells like macrophages and neutrophils, is called:

A. Exocytosis
B. Pinocytosis
C. Phagocytosis ✓
D. Osmosis
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A nurse is explaining the importance of proper disposal of contaminated sharps. This measure helps to break which link in the chain of infection?

A. Reservoir
B. Portal of exit
C. Mode of transmission ✓
D. Portal of entry
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient presents with a sexually transmitted infection caused by a spirochete, Treponema pallidum. Spirochetes are characterized by their:

A. Rod shape
B. Spherical shape
C. Corkscrew shape ✓
D. Comma shape
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

The phase of bacterial growth where the number of live cells increases exponentially is called the:

A. Lag phase
B. Log (exponential) phase ✓
C. Stationary phase
D. Death phase
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A microorganism that is typically spherical in shape is called a:

A. Bacillus
B. Coccus ✓
C. Spirillum
D. Vibrio
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with HIV/AIDS is highly susceptible to various infections, including Pneumocystis pneumonia. This is because HIV primarily attacks and weakens the:

A. B-cells
B. Macrophages
C. T-helper cells ✓
D. Neutrophils
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A nurse is educating a patient about safe food handling practices to prevent foodborne illnesses. Bacteria that cause food poisoning often thrive in temperatures known as the “danger zone,” which is typically between:

A. 0?C?4?C
B. 5?C?60?C ✓
C. 65?C?100?C
D. Below 0?C
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A common bacterial infection often associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia is:

A. Staphylococcus aureus ✓
B. Streptococcus pyogenes
C. Escherichia coli
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient has a localized abscess. The most effective method for controlling the growth of microorganisms on the skin before an injection is:

A. Sterilization
B. Disinfection
C. Antisepsis ✓
D. Sanitization
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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