C.
Randomized controlled trial
✓
A.
The number of patients who need to experience an adverse event.
✓
B.
The number of patients who need to be treated for one patient to benefit from an intervention.
✓
C.
The total number of patients in a study.
✓
D.
The number of treatments given per patient.
✓
A.
To test a specific hypothesis.
✓
B.
To generalize findings to a large population.
✓
C.
To investigate a little-understood phenomenon or problem to gain preliminary insights.
✓
D.
To establish cause-and-effect relationships.
✓
A.
Patients mistakenly believe they are receiving a guaranteed beneficial treatment, rather than being part of a research study with uncertain outcomes.
✓
B.
Researchers misinterpret ethical guidelines.
✓
C.
Patients believe they are being harmed by the research.
✓
D.
Researchers are forced to provide therapy.
✓
A.
Randomized controlled trial
✓
A.
Repeating a study with the same participants.
✓
B.
Conducting a new study to confirm the findings of a previous study using similar methods.
✓
C.
Publishing the same study in multiple journals.
✓
D.
Analyzing data multiple times.
✓
A.
To collect all possible data.
✓
B.
To select a subset of a population to represent the larger group, making research feasible.
✓
C.
To ensure every individual participates.
✓
D.
To increase the cost of research.
✓
A.
The intervention has no effect.
✓
B.
The intervention is associated with 2.5 times higher odds of the outcome compared to the control.
✓
C.
The intervention is associated with 2.5 times lower odds of the outcome.
✓
D.
The sample size was too small.
✓
A.
A variable that is deliberately manipulated by the researcher.
✓
B.
A variable that is measured as the outcome.
✓
C.
An unmeasured variable that affects both the independent and dependent variables, potentially distorting the true relationship.
✓
D.
A variable that is held constant.
✓
