Practice Questions

The ability of a pathogen to cause disease in a host is referred to as:

A. Resistance
B. Virulence
C. Immunity
D. Commensalism
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A nurse is caring for a patient with a wound infection. The presence of pus indicates:

A. A viral infection.
B. A sterile wound.
C. An inflammatory response and bacterial activity.
D. A fungal infection.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient is recovering from a viral infection. Unlike bacterial infections, viral infections are typically not treated with:

A. Antiviral medications
B. Analgesics
C. Antipyretics
D. Antibiotics
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

The process by which bacteria transfer genetic material through direct cell-to-cell contact is called:

A. Transformation
B. Transduction
C. Conjugation
D. Replication
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A nurse is reviewing a patient’s lab results, which show a high white blood cell count and elevated C-reactive protein. These findings are indicators of:

A. A viral infection only.
B. A bacterial infection only.
C. An inflammatory response, which can be due to infection.
D. An autoimmune disease.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

The normal microbiota residing on and within the human body:

A. Always cause disease.
B. Are entirely pathogenic.
C. Can be beneficial and protect against pathogens.
D. Are sterile and do not contain any microorganisms.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with tuberculosis is placed in airborne precautions. This is because Mycobacterium tuberculosis is primarily spread through:

A. Direct contact with contaminated surfaces.
B. Fecal-oral route.
C. Airborne droplets that remain suspended in the air.
D. Vector-borne transmission.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A nurse is preparing a sterile field. The critical principle to remember when working with a sterile field is that:

A. Only the edges of the field are considered sterile.
B. Anything that touches the sterile field and is not sterile is considered contaminated.
C. Surgical masks are not necessary when working with a sterile field.
D. Sterile fields can be prepared hours in advance.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient is infected with a protozoan parasite, such as Giardia. Protozoa are:

A. Unicellular fungi.
B. Multicellular worms.
C. Single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms.
D. Non-living infectious agents.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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