Practice Questions

A patient develops a tumor that is poorly differentiated and has rapid growth with angiogenesis. These are characteristics of a:

A. Benign tumor.
B. Malignant tumor.
C. Hypertrophic lesion.
D. Metaplastic change.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with severe diarrhea loses a large amount of bicarbonate. This leads to which acid-base imbalance?

A. Respiratory acidosis.
B. Metabolic acidosis.
C. Respiratory alkalosis.
D. Metabolic alkalosis.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with chronic heart failure may develop pulmonary hypertension due to:

A. Decreased blood flow to the lungs.
B. Increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries from left heart failure.
C. Bronchospasm.
D. Alveolar destruction.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a history of smoking develops metaplasia in the bronchial epithelium. This is a reversible change where:

A. Cells decrease in size.
B. Cells increase in number.
C. One mature cell type is replaced by another mature cell type.
D. Cells become disorganized and abnormal.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient develops an abscess after a bacterial infection. The type of necrosis characterized by enzymatic lysis of cells and formation of pus is:

A. Coagulative necrosis.
B. Liquefactive necrosis.
C. Caseous necrosis.
D. Fat necrosis.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with chronic stress may experience impaired wound healing due to the prolonged effects of:

A. Insulin.
B. Cortisol.
C. Growth hormone.
D. Estrogen.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with hypoparathyroidism develops hypocalcemia. This is characterized by:

A. Bone pain and kidney stones.
B. Muscle weakness and lethargy.
C. Tetany, muscle spasms, and positive Chvostek's sign.
D. Constipation.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with an X-linked recessive disorder typically passes the trait from:

A. Father to son.
B. Mother to daughter.
C. Affected mother to all children.
D. Carrier mother to affected son.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a severe bacterial infection develops a widespread rash. This is an example of which type of immune response?

A. Localized inflammation.
B. Systemic manifestation of inflammation.
C. Cellular adaptation.
D. Genetic defect.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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