Practice Questions

A forensic scientist is analyzing a crime scene and finds some organic material. They determine that the material contains sequences of nucleotides, indicating it is responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. This macromolecule is:

A. Protein

B. Carbohydrate

C. Lipid

D. Nucleic acid ✓

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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology 1

Jun 6, 2026

A nurse is administering an intravenous fluid. To ensure the fluid moves into the patient’s cells, the nurse selects a solution that has a lower solute concentration than the intracellular fluid. This type of solution is described as:

A. Isotonic

B. Hypertonic

C. Hypotonic ✓

D. Hydrophobic

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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology 1

Jun 6, 2026

During an infection, the body’s immune cells increase in number to fight off pathogens. This increase in the number of cells within a tissue or organ is termed:

A. Hypertrophy

B. Metaplasia

C. Hyperplasia ✓

D. Dysplasia

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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology 1

Jun 6, 2026

A student is sketching a diagram of the human skeleton. They are instructed to draw a bone that is longer than it is wide, with a shaft and two ends, primarily responsible for support and movement. This type of bone is classified as a:

A. Short bone

B. Flat bone

C. Long bone ✓

D. Irregular bone

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Jun 6, 2026

A patient has a fever, and their body temperature rises above normal. The body responds by activating sweat glands and dilating blood vessels to release heat. This physiological response to restore normal temperature is an example of:

A. Positive feedback loop

B. Negative feedback loop ✓

C. Homeostatic imbalance

D. Catabolic reaction

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Jun 6, 2026

A researcher is studying the basic building blocks of life. They isolate a molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, is water-insoluble, and plays roles in energy storage, membrane structure, and hormone production. This molecule is most likely a:

A. Carbohydrate

B. Protein

C. Nucleic acid

D. Lipid ✓

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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology 1

Jun 6, 2026

A patient undergoes a procedure where a thin, flexible tube is inserted into a body cavity. This procedure requires an understanding of the relationship between different body planes. If the tube is inserted along the long axis of the body, dividing it into equal right and left halves, it is following the:

A. Coronal plane

B. Transverse plane

C. Midsagittal plane ✓

D. Oblique plane

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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology 1

Jun 6, 2026

In a dissection lab, students are examining the relationship between the heart and the lungs. They correctly identify that the heart is located medial to the lungs. This anatomical directional term means the heart is:

A. Closer to the surface

B. Towards the head

C. Away from the midline

D. Towards the midline ✓

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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology 1

Jun 6, 2026

A clinician is explaining to a patient that the body maintains a stable internal environment despite external fluctuations, such as maintaining a constant body temperature even in varying ambient temperatures. This physiological concept is referred to as:

A. Positive feedback

B. Negative feedback

C. Homeostasis ✓

D. Metabolism

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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology 1

Jun 6, 2026

A bodybuilder engages in intense weightlifting, leading to an increase in the size of their individual muscle cells. This adaptive change in cell size is known as:

A. Hyperplasia

B. Metaplasia

C. Atrophy

D. Hypertrophy ✓

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Jun 6, 2026

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