A.
Denaturing the substrate
✓
B.
Binding two substrates close together to increase their effective concentration
✓
C.
Lowering the pH of the solution
✓
D.
Using a metal ion to generate hydroxyl radicals
✓
B.
Histidine acting as a general base
✓
C.
Aspartate donating a proton
✓
D.
Formation of a disulfide bond
✓
A.
Directly break substrate bonds
✓
B.
Increase activation energy
✓
C.
Lower activation energy by stabilizing the transition state
✓
D.
Dissociate the enzyme cofactor complex
✓
A.
Competitive inhibition
✓
B.
Non competitive inhibition
✓
C.
Uncompetitive inhibition
✓
D.
Irreversible inhibition
✓
A.
Sulfhydryl group in its thiolate (S?) form
✓
A.
Competitive reversible inhibition
✓
B.
Non competitive reversible inhibition
✓
C.
Irreversible suicide inhibition
✓
D.
Allosteric regulation
✓
B.
Electrostatic stabilization
✓
D.
General acid catalysis
✓
A.
Four identical subunits
✓
B.
A non protein chemical component
✓
C.
A macromolecular substrate
✓
D.
An allosteric inhibitor
✓
A.
Activates proofreading ability
✓
B.
Seals the active site and positions catalytic residues correctly
✓
C.
Causes cofactor release
✓
D.
Permanently denatures other enzyme molecules
✓
A.
Destabilizes the substrate through desolvation, strain, or distortion, raising its energy closer to the transition state
✓
B.
Permanently alters the substrate to make it more reactive
✓
C.
Destabilizes its own structure by removing metal ions
✓
D.
Operates most efficiently only in the cellular ground state
✓
A.
Nucleophilic catalyst
✓
B.
General acid base catalyst
✓
C.
Metal ion coordinator
✓
A.
Single step induced fit
✓
B.
Activation of a water molecule by a metal bound hydroxide for direct nucleophilic attack
✓
C.
Formation of a covalent phospho enzyme intermediate
✓
D.
Intercalation of hydrophobic amino acids into DNA
✓
D.
Hydrophobic interaction
✓
A.
Accepting a proton to increase pH
✓
B.
Forming a Schiff base and acting as an electron sink
✓
D.
Binding to the allosteric site
✓
A.
Amide group of asparagine
✓
B.
Hydroxyl group of serine activated to an alkoxide ion
✓
C.
Methyl group of alanine
✓
D.
Guanidinium group of arginine
✓
A.
Act as the primary nucleophile
✓
B.
Form a hydrogen bond with histidine and enhance its basicity
✓
C.
Bind the N terminus of the substrate
✓
D.
Donate a proton directly to the leaving group
✓
A.
Acting as a molecular scaffold
✓
B.
Shuttling protons and electrons such as NAD? or FAD
✓
C.
Forming a thioester bond
✓
D.
Transferring methyl groups
✓
C.
Bimolecular encounter of enzyme and substrate
✓
D.
Conformational change
✓
