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Practice Questions

A lipid that is the primary component of cell membranes and forms a bilayer due to its amphipathic nature (having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts) is:

A. Triglyceride
B. Cholesterol
C. Phospholipid ✓
D. Sphingolipid
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The metabolic pathway that generates ATP from glucose under anaerobic conditions, producing pyruvate and a small amount of ATP, is:

A. Krebs Cycle
B. Oxidative Phosphorylation
C. Glycolysis ✓
D. Beta-oxidation
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A genetic mutation results in a premature stop codon in the mRNA sequence, leading to a truncated, non-functional protein. This type of mutation is called a:

A. Silent mutation
B. Missense mutation
C. Nonsense mutation ✓
D. Frameshift mutation
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient presents with beriberi, characterized by neurological and cardiovascular symptoms. This condition is caused by a deficiency of:

A. Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
B. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) ✓
C. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
D. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A substance that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties is described as:

A. Polar
B. Nonpolar
C. Amphipathic ✓
D. Hydrophobic
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The process of DNA replication is considered semiconservative because:

A. Both new strands are composed entirely of new nucleotides.
B. Both original strands are entirely preserved.
C. Each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. ✓
D. Replication occurs in a linear fashion.
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The DNA double helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The overall shape of the double helix is due to the coiling of two polynucleotide strands into a:

A. Beta-pleated sheet
B. Alpha-helix
C. Superhelix ✓
D. Parallel helix
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient has a deficiency in a specific enzyme involved in the synthesis of a non-essential amino acid. Non-essential amino acids are those that:

A. Cannot be used for protein synthesis.
B. Must be obtained from the diet.
C. Can be synthesized by the human body. ✓
D. Are only found in animal products.
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glycolysis, converting fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, is:

A. Hexokinase
B. Pyruvate kinase
C. Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) ✓
D. Glucose-6-phosphatase
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient has a diet rich in carbohydrates. Excess glucose not immediately used for energy can be stored in the liver and muscles as:

A. Fructose
B. Sucrose
C. Glycogen ✓
D. Starch
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The process by which the genetic information encoded in mRNA is used to synthesize a protein is called:

A. Replication
B. Transcription
C. Translation ✓
D. Reverse transcription
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A lipid derived from cholesterol that is involved in emulsifying dietary fats in the small intestine is:

A. Triglyceride
B. Phospholipid
C. Bile acid ✓
D. Prostaglandin
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A cell requires a large amount of ATP and has numerous cristae in its mitochondria. This indicates high activity in which metabolic pathway?

A. Glycolysis
B. Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation ✓
C. Pentose Phosphate Pathway
D. Fatty acid synthesis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a protein deficiency exhibits poor wound healing and weakened immune response. This highlights the diverse functions of proteins, including their role as:

A. Energy storage molecules
B. Genetic information carriers
C. Structural components and enzymes ✓
D. Primary components of cell membranes
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The optimal pH for most human enzymes is approximately:

A. 2
B. 7.4 ✓
C. 9
D. 12
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A nucleic acid that acts as a temporary copy of a gene and carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis is:

A. tRNA
B. rRNA
C. mRNA ✓
D. DNA
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A metabolic pathway that involves the breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA, which can then enter the Krebs Cycle, is called:

A. Glycolysis
B. Beta-oxidation ✓
C. Lipogenesis
D. Gluconeogenesis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A student is confused about the difference between monosaccharides and disaccharides. An example of a disaccharide, formed from two monosaccharides, is:

A. Glucose
B. Fructose
C. Galactose
D. Sucrose (table sugar) ✓
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with severe iron deficiency anemia is unable to transport sufficient oxygen in their blood. Iron is a crucial component of which protein in red blood cells?

A. Myoglobin
B. Hemoglobin ✓
C. Albumin
D. Immunoglobulin
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026
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