BS Nursing Archives | Page 44 of 284

The backbone of a DNA strand is composed of alternating:

A. Amino acids and sugars

B. Phosphate groups and deoxyribose sugars ✓

C. Nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups

D. Fatty acids and glycerol

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A biochemist is studying a protein that functions as a channel across the cell membrane, allowing specific ions to pass through. This type of protein is primarily involved in:

A. Energy storage

B. Genetic information transfer

C. Transport ✓

D. Structural support

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A biochemist is studying the quaternary structure of a protein. This level of protein structure involves:

A. The sequence of amino acids.

B. The folding of a single polypeptide chain into an alpha-helix or beta-sheet.

C. The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain.

D. The arrangement of multiple polypeptide subunits into a functional complex. ✓

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The measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution, based on the concentration of hydrogen ions, is expressed as:

A. Concentration

B. Molarity

C. pH ✓

D. Solubility

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A patient with a genetic condition has an impaired ability to synthesize certain lipoproteins, leading to issues with lipid transport in the blood. Lipoproteins are complexes of:

A. Carbohydrates and proteins

B. Lipids and proteins ✓

C. Nucleic acids and lipids

D. Proteins and minerals

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A metabolic process that uses energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones is called:

A. Catabolism

B. Anabolism ✓

C. Metabolism

D. Respiration

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A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme will typically affect the enzyme’s:

A. Vmax? but not Km?

B. Km? but not Vmax? ✓

C. Both Vmax? and Km?

D. Neither Vmax? nor Km?

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A patient with prolonged jaundice has impaired fat absorption and develops bleeding tendencies. This is due to a deficiency in which fat-soluble vitamin crucial for blood clotting?

A. Vitamin A

B. Vitamin D

C. Vitamin E

D. Vitamin K ✓

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The transfer of electrons from one molecule to another in a chemical reaction is known as a(n):

A. Hydrolysis reaction

B. Condensation reaction

C. Redox reaction ✓

D. Isomerization reaction

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A patient with a deficiency in a specific trace mineral experiences impaired thyroid hormone synthesis, leading to hypothyroidism. This mineral is:

A. Iron

B. Zinc

C. Iodine ✓

D. Calcium

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A lipid that acts as a messenger molecule and plays roles in inflammation, blood clotting, and smooth muscle contraction is:

A. Cholesterol

B. Triglyceride

C. Prostaglandin ✓

D. Phospholipid

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The primary function of carbohydrates in the human body is:

A. Structural support

B. Genetic information storage

C. Energy production ✓

D. Hormone synthesis

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A cellular process that involves the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration is:

A. Filtration

B. Active transport

C. Facilitated diffusion

D. Osmosis ✓

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A substance that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added is called a(n):

A. Salt

B. Indicator

C. Buffer ✓

D. Solvent

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The process of breaking down glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate and then glucose for energy is called:

A. Glycogenesis

B. Glycolysis

C. Glycogenolysis ✓

D. Gluconeogenesis

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A patient presents with symptoms of pellagra, including dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. This condition is caused by a deficiency of:

A. Vitamin B3 (Niacin) ✓

B. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

C. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

D. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

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A protein that acts as a biological catalyst, speeding up the rate of specific biochemical reactions without being consumed in the process, is called an:

A. Hormone

B. Antibody

C. Enzyme ✓

D. Receptor

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The building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are:

A. Amino acids

B. Monosaccharides

C. Fatty acids

D. Nucleotides ✓

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A patient with a genetic defect cannot synthesize a specific enzyme. This defect would most directly impact the cell’s:

A. Structural integrity

B. Genetic information storage

C. Rate of specific biochemical reactions ✓

D. Water balance

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BS Nursing

Subcategories

Practice Questions

The backbone of a DNA strand is composed of alternating:

A biochemist is studying a protein that functions as a channel across the cell membrane, allowing specific ions to pass through. This type of protein is primarily involved in:

A biochemist is studying the quaternary structure of a protein. This level of protein structure involves:

The measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution, based on the concentration of hydrogen ions, is expressed as:

A patient with a genetic condition has an impaired ability to synthesize certain lipoproteins, leading to issues with lipid transport in the blood. Lipoproteins are complexes of:

A metabolic process that uses energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones is called:

A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme will typically affect the enzyme’s:

A patient with prolonged jaundice has impaired fat absorption and develops bleeding tendencies. This is due to a deficiency in which fat-soluble vitamin crucial for blood clotting?

The transfer of electrons from one molecule to another in a chemical reaction is known as a(n):

A patient with a deficiency in a specific trace mineral experiences impaired thyroid hormone synthesis, leading to hypothyroidism. This mineral is:

A lipid that acts as a messenger molecule and plays roles in inflammation, blood clotting, and smooth muscle contraction is:

The primary function of carbohydrates in the human body is:

A cellular process that involves the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration is:

A substance that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added is called a(n):

The process of breaking down glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate and then glucose for energy is called:

A patient presents with symptoms of pellagra, including dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. This condition is caused by a deficiency of:

A protein that acts as a biological catalyst, speeding up the rate of specific biochemical reactions without being consumed in the process, is called an:

The building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are:

A patient with a genetic defect cannot synthesize a specific enzyme. This defect would most directly impact the cell’s:

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