direct and indirect narrations

'Will' -> 'would'.

'Would' does not backshift.

'Let' can often be converted to a passive infinitive structure or 'ordered that... should'.

'Must' usually changes to 'had to'.

Subjunctive 'were' usually remains, pronoun 'I' -> 'she'.

Negative imperative uses 'not to'. 'This' -> 'that'.

Present Perfect Continuous -> Past Perfect Continuous.

'Can' -> 'could'.

'Alas' requires 'exclaimed with sorrow'.

Future Perfect Continuous -> 'would' form.

'May' -> 'might'.

'Will have' -> 'would have'.

'Hurrah' requires 'exclaimed with joy'.

'Do you know' (Present) -> 'knew' (Past).

Present Continuous -> Past Continuous.

'Will' -> 'would', 'now' -> 'then'.

Simple Past -> Past Perfect.

'Forbade' is stronger and correct for negative imperatives without 'not to'.

'Shall' changes to 'would' (for future). 'Next week' -> 'the following week'.