A.
Continuous inflammation limited to the colon.
✓
B.
Patchy, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the GI tract from mouth to anus.
✓
C.
Ulceration limited to the mucosal layer of the rectum.
✓
D.
Stricture formation only in the esophagus.
✓
A.
Initial sympathetic nervous system activation.
✓
B.
Mobilization of resources and adaptation.
✓
C.
Depletion of adaptation energy and potential for organ damage.
✓
D.
Increased resistance to disease.
✓
A.
Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and decreased mucus production.
✓
B.
Bronchospasm, airway inflammation, and increased mucus production.
✓
C.
Destruction of alveolar walls.
✓
D.
Fluid accumulation in the pleural space.
✓
A.
Increased intravascular protein synthesis.
✓
B.
Decreased capillary permeability.
✓
C.
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure and increased capillary permeability.
✓
D.
Decreased lymphatic drainage.
✓
B.
Autosomal recessive.
✓
A.
Excessive clot formation leading to widespread microvascular thrombosis and consumption of clotting factors, followed by bleeding.
✓
B.
Only excessive bleeding with no clot formation.
✓
C.
Increased production of platelets.
✓
D.
Decreased fibrinolysis.
✓
A.
Bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy.
✓
B.
Alveolar wall destruction and loss of elastic recoil.
✓
C.
Reversible airway inflammation.
✓
D.
Increased mucus gland hyperplasia.
✓
A.
Autoantibodies that attack the body's own tissues.
✓
B.
Increased complement proteins.
✓
C.
Decreased inflammatory mediators.
✓
D.
Excessive B-cell suppression.
✓
A.
Excessive use of loop diuretics.
✓
B.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with potassium shifting out of cells.
✓
A.
Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure.
✓
B.
Increased plasma oncotic pressure.
✓
C.
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure due to fluid overload and decreased cardiac output.
✓
D.
Increased lymphatic drainage.
✓
C.
IgE antibodies and mast cell degranulation.
✓
A.
Excessive insulin production leading to hypoglycemia.
✓
B.
Absolute or relative insulin deficiency leading to increased fat metabolism and ketone body formation.
✓
C.
Excessive fluid intake leading to hyponatremia.
✓
D.
Increased renal excretion of glucose without ketone production.
✓
A.
Decrease blood flow to the injured area.
✓
B.
Reduce capillary permeability.
✓
C.
Increase blood flow to the injured area, facilitating delivery of immune cells.
✓
D.
Constrict arterioles to limit swelling.
✓
A.
Decreased oxygen demand by the heart.
✓
B.
Inadequate oxygen supply to the myocardium.
✓
C.
Increased venous return to the heart.
✓
D.
Pulmonary hypertension.
✓
A.
Increased red blood cell destruction.
✓
B.
Decreased iron absorption in the gut.
✓
C.
Impaired production of erythropoietin by the kidneys.
✓
D.
Excessive blood loss through dialysis.
✓
A.
Massive vasodilation and increased capillary permeability due to inflammatory mediators.
✓
B.
Direct myocardial tissue damage.
✓
D.
Hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.
✓
