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Introduction To Biostatistics

195 questions found

Practice Questions

22. In a clinical study, the time to hospital discharge is recorded for patients. If a patient is still hospitalized at the end of the study, their data point is considered “censored.” Which technical type of analysis is required for such data?

A. Linear regression.
B. Logistic regression.
C. Survival analysis. ✓
D. ANOVA.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

23. A medicinal researcher is trying to interpret a large number of adverse event reports from a clinical trial. Which measure of dispersion would be most sensitive to extreme values (very rare but severe adverse events)?

A. Range. ✓
B. Interquartile range.
C. Standard deviation.
D. Median.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

24. A situational public health campaign aims to reduce the prevalence of smoking. To effectively track progress, researchers need to collect data on smoking status (smoker/non-smoker). What technical type of variable is smoking status?

A. Continuous.
B. Discrete.
C. Nominal. ✓
D. Ordinal.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

25. A researcher performs a hypothesis test and obtains a p-value of 0.08. If the significance level is 0.05, what is the technical conclusion?

A. Reject the null hypothesis.
B. Fail to reject the null hypothesis. ✓
C. Accept the alternative hypothesis.
D. The result is statistically significant.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

26. In a clinical context, a doctor is presented with data on patient blood sugar levels over a month. To see the spread and identify potential outliers, which technical graphical display would be most effective?

A. Bar chart.
B. Pie chart.
C. Box plot. ✓
D. Line graph.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

27. A medicinal study is designed to compare the effect of a new drug versus placebo on a continuous outcome. If a large standard deviation is observed in the preliminary data, what critical implication does this have for the required sample size?

A. A smaller sample size will be needed.
B. A larger sample size will be needed to detect a statistically significant difference. ✓
C. The standard deviation is irrelevant to sample size.
D. The study should be abandoned.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

28. A situational study aims to investigate the relationship between the number of hours spent studying and exam scores. If both variables are continuous and roughly normally distributed, what technical statistical method would be most appropriate to quantify their linear association?

A. Chi-square test.
B. Independent samples t-test.
C. Pearson correlation. ✓
D. One-way ANOVA.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

29. The Central Limit Theorem is technically important in biostatistics because it states that, for large sample sizes, the sampling distribution of the sample mean will approximate a:

A. Binomial distribution.
B. Poisson distribution.
C. Normal distribution, regardless of the population distribution. ✓
D. Uniform distribution.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

30. A clinical researcher wants to assess if a new treatment reduces the risk of a specific adverse event (a binary outcome: event/no event). Which technical statistical test is most appropriate for comparing two independent groups?

A. Independent samples t-test.
B. Paired t-test.
C. Chi-square test of independence. ✓
D. One-way ANOVA.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

16. A situational researcher needs to identify the most frequently occurring blood type in a hospital’s patient database. Which measure of central tendency would be most appropriate?

A. Mean.
B. Median.
C. Mode. ✓
D. Standard deviation.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

1. A clinical trial for a new pain medication reports a p-value of 0.001. What is the technical interpretation of this p-value?

A. There is a 0.1% chance that the drug is ineffective.
B. The probability of observing results as extreme as, or more extreme than, those obtained, assuming the null hypothesis is true. ✓
C. The probability that the null hypothesis is true.
D. The probability of making a Type I error.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

2. A medicinal researcher is studying the average blood pressure response to a new drug. Which measure of central tendency would be most appropriate if the data distribution is heavily skewed due to a few extreme responders?

A. Mean.
B. Median. ✓
C. Mode.
D. Standard deviation.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

3. A public health official needs to quickly summarize the number of new COVID-19 cases reported daily in a city. Which type of data is this technical example?

A. Nominal.
B. Ordinal.
C. Continuous.
D. Discrete. ✓
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

4. In a critical situational context, a research team wants to determine if a new surgical technique is superior to the standard technique for reducing recovery time. Before initiating the trial, what statistical concept is urgently needed to ensure the study has a reasonable chance of detecting a true difference if one exists?

A. P-value.
B. Confidence interval.
C. Statistical power and sample size calculation. ✓
D. Mean.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

5. A pharmaceutical company is comparing the efficacy of two drugs on a continuous outcome (e.g., cholesterol reduction). Assuming the data are normally distributed and samples are independent, which technical statistical test is most appropriate?

A. Paired t-test.
B. Chi-square test.
C. Independent samples t-test. ✓
D. ANOVA.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

6. A clinical researcher observes that patients with a certain genetic marker tend to respond better to a specific cancer treatment. To understand the strength and direction of this linear relationship, which technical statistical measure would be useful?

A. Mean.
B. Standard deviation.
C. Correlation coefficient. ✓
D. P-value.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

7. When designing a medicinal clinical trial, researchers often use blinding. From a biostatistical perspective, what is the critical purpose of blinding?

A. To reduce the cost of the trial.
B. To prevent bias in the assessment of outcomes due to participant or researcher expectations. ✓
C. To make data analysis easier.
D. To ensure all participants receive the active drug.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

8. A situational outbreak investigation involves tracking the number of patients admitted to the hospital with a specific infection each day. What technical type of graph would best visualize the trend over time?

A. Bar chart.
B. Pie chart.
C. Histogram.
D. Line graph. ✓
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

9. A researcher incorrectly concludes that a new drug has no effect on patient outcomes when, in reality, it does. What technical type of error has been made?

A. Type I error.
B. Type II error. ✓
C. Sampling error.
D. Measurement error.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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