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nmdcat.online July 3, 2026

91. A patient presenting with muscle weakness and exercise intolerance is diagnosed with a mitochondrial myopathy caused by a point mutation in a mitochondrial tRNA gene. This metabolic disease affects both plant and animal cell lines because mitochondria

A. Are entirely dependent on nuclear genes for all their proteins
B. Possess their own independent, circular DNA and semi-autonomous translation machinery
✓
C. Do not require ATP synthesis to survive
D. Are formed via the direct fusion of lysosomal vesicles

📝 Explanation

Mitochondria contain their own circular genome and ribosomes; mutations in their tRNA disrupt internal protein translation and ATP synthesis.

📖 Additional Information

  • Are entirely dependent on nuclear genes for all their proteins
  • Possess their own independent, circular DNA and semi-autonomous translation machinery
  • Do not require ATP synthesis to survive
  • Are formed via the direct fusion of lysosomal vesicles

Mitochondria contain their own circular genome and ribosomes; mutations in their tRNA disrupt internal protein translation and ATP synthesis.

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