MCQs

Written from the 3' to 5' direction (or 5'-CCA-3' read towards the 3' terminus), this terminal sequence attaches to the specific amino acid.

Introns are non-coding regions that must be excised, and exons are the coding sequences that are ligated together to form mature mRNA.

The large ribosomal subunit contains rRNA that acts as a ribozyme (peptidyl transferase) to catalyze peptide bond formation.

In eukaryotes, RNA Polymerase I is specialized for transcribing the major ribosomal RNA genes within the nucleolus.

The cloverleaf pattern arises due to localized base pairing within a single tRNA strand, creating loops and stems.

Chargaff's rules apply only to double-stranded nucleic acids where base pairing forces a 1:1 ratio between complementary bases.

The 5' cap protects the transcript from exonuclease degradation and assists in ribosome binding during translation initiation.

RNA polymerase adds new nucleotides exclusively to the free 3'-OH group of the growing RNA polymer, moving in a 5' to 3' direction.

A nucleoside consists only of a sugar and a base; adding a phosphate group converts it into a nucleotide.

Retroviruses lack DNA in their viral particles and utilize RNA to store their complete hereditary information.

Messenger RNA is rapidly degraded by ribonucleases after translation to control the rate of protein synthesis dynamically.

Transfer RNA contains an anticodon loop with three specific bases complementary to an mRNA codon.

Ribonucleoside monophosphates (ribonucleotides) link together via condensation reactions to build the polymeric RNA strand.

Uracil pairs with adenine via two hydrogen bonds during transcription, mirroring the adenine-thymine interaction in DNA.

Purines are double-ringed nitrogenous bases, which include adenine and guanine in both DNA and RNA.

The 3' end of tRNA terminates in a conserved CCA sequence, where the hydroxyl group of the terminal adenine binds to an amino acid.

Messenger RNA is synthesized as a single-stranded linear molecule to allow ribosomes to read its codons sequentially.

Ribosomal RNA is the most abundant form of RNA in the cell because ribosomes are present in vast numbers to meet translational demands.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) serves as a linear transcript of the genetic blueprint to guide amino acid sequencing during translation.