MCQs

The capsid safeguards viral nucleic acid against environmental damage.

HPV infects epithelial cells and may lead to warts and certain cancers.

Frequent mutations enable influenza viruses to evade immune responses.

Naked viruses contain only nucleic acid and capsid without an envelope.

Viral components are assembled into mature infectious particles.

Viral attachment proteins must recognize host cell receptors.

HIV infects CD4+ T helper lymphocytes leading to immune deficiency.

Viruses are acellular, whereas living cells possess cellular structure.

Integrated viral DNA is called a prophage.

Newly produced phages rupture the bacterial cell releasing progeny viruses.

Dengue virus belongs to the Flavivirus group and contains RNA.

Lipid envelopes are disrupted by detergents, reducing infectivity.

Icosahedral symmetry provides stability and efficient genome packaging.

Reverse transcriptase converts viral RNA into DNA inside the host cell.

Retroviruses carry RNA and use reverse transcriptase to synthesize DNA.

Adsorption is the initial binding of a virus to specific host receptors.

T4 bacteriophage possesses an icosahedral head and tail apparatus.

RNA polymerases lack proofreading ability, leading to frequent mutations.

Poxviruses possess a complex brick-shaped structure unlike simple helical or icosahedral forms.