MCQs

11262 questions found

Practice Questions

A patient with a severe bacterial infection develops a widespread rash. This is an example of which type of immune response?

A. Localized inflammation.
B. Systemic manifestation of inflammation. ✓
C. Cellular adaptation.
D. Genetic defect.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus develops microvascular complications, such as retinopathy and nephropathy. These complications are primarily due to:

A. Acute hyperglycemia.
B. Damage to small blood vessels by chronic hyperglycemia. ✓
C. Hypoglycemia.
D. Protein deficiency.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a chronic wound experiences wound contraction. This process is mediated by:

A. Fibroblasts only.
B. Myofibroblasts. ✓
C. Macrophages.
D. Epithelial cells.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with heart failure experiences dyspnea on exertion. The primary mechanism causing dyspnea in heart failure is:

A. Decreased oxygen demand.
B. Pulmonary congestion and impaired gas exchange. ✓
C. Bronchospasm.
D. Metabolic acidosis.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a history of alcoholism develops fatty liver disease. This is an example of which type of cellular accumulation?

A. Pigment accumulation.
B. Protein accumulation.
C. Lipid accumulation. ✓
D. Glycogen accumulation.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient is diagnosed with a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction. This reaction is characterized by:

A. Immediate IgE-mediated response.
B. Antibody-mediated cell destruction.
C. Immune complex deposition.
D. Delayed T-cell mediated response. ✓
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a severe infection develops lactic acidosis. This is caused by:

A. Increased oxygen delivery to tissues.
B. Anaerobic metabolism due to tissue hypoxia. ✓
C. Excessive bicarbonate production.
D. Hyperventilation.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient develops hypercalcemia. Which of the following is a common cause of hypercalcemia?

A. Hypoparathyroidism.
B. Malignancy and hyperparathyroidism. ✓
C. Chronic kidney disease.
D. Vitamin D deficiency.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a genetic mutation has a deficiency in a specific enzyme, leading to the accumulation of a toxic substance. This is an example of a:

A. Chromosomal abnormality.
B. Single gene disorder. ✓
C. Multifactorial disorder.
D. Environmental injury.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a chronic inflammatory condition develops amyloidosis. This involves:

A. Abnormal protein deposits in various organs. ✓
B. Excessive fat accumulation in the liver.
C. Calcium deposits in soft tissues.
D. Iron overload in the blood.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with severe burns develops hypovolemic shock. The primary fluid shift contributing to this type of shock is:

A. Fluid moving from the interstitial space into the intravascular space.
B. Fluid moving from the intravascular space into the interstitial space (third spacing). ✓
C. Intracellular fluid moving into the extracellular space.
D. Fluid moving from the extracellular space into the intracellular space.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a spinal cord injury develops autonomic dysreflexia. This life-threatening condition is characterized by:

A. Widespread vasodilation and hypotension.
B. Uncontrolled sympathetic overactivity below the level of injury in response to noxious stimuli. ✓
C. Bradycardia and warm, dry skin.
D. Hypoglycemia.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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