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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

84. The strength and direction of a linear relationship between two continuous variables is quantified by the:

A. P-value.
B. Correlation coefficient.
C. T-statistic.
D. Chi-square statistic.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

82. A medicinal study claims a drug significantly reduces mortality, but the confidence interval for the risk ratio is very wide and barely excludes 1.0. What critical interpretation should be made?

A. The drug is highly effective.
B. The finding is statistically significant, but the effect estimate is imprecise and less reliable, warranting caution.
C. The study had high precision.
D. The study is invalid.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

80. What technical term describes the difference between the maximum and minimum values in a dataset?

A. Standard deviation.
B. Variance.
C. Range.
D. Interquartile range.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

75. A critical situational decision needs to be made about whether to release a new drug to market based on clinical trial results. If the trial had low statistical power, what is the urgency for a biostatistician’s caution?

A. To immediately recommend approval.
B. To caution that a non-significant result might be due to low power (Type II error) rather than true ineffectiveness, necessitating further investigation.
C. To ignore the power and focus on the p-value.
D. To recommend disapproval regardless of findings.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

72. What technical term describes a measure of the average squared deviation of data points from the mean?

A. Standard deviation.
B. Range.
C. Variance.
D. Interquartile range.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

66. A medicinal study needs to detect a small but clinically meaningful difference between two treatments. What critical implication does this have for the statistical power of the study?

A. High power is not necessary.
B. High statistical power (e.g., 80% or 90%) is critically needed.
C. The power should be as low as possible.
D. Power is only relevant for large differences.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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