MCQs

11212 questions found

Practice Questions

A patient with an anaphylactic reaction experiences severe bronchoconstriction. This is primarily mediated by the release of:

A. Prostaglandins.
B. Histamine and leukotrienes.
C. Complement proteins.
D. Antibodies.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient develops a tumor that is poorly differentiated and has rapid growth with angiogenesis. These are characteristics of a:

A. Benign tumor.
B. Malignant tumor.
C. Hypertrophic lesion.
D. Metaplastic change.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with severe diarrhea loses a large amount of bicarbonate. This leads to which acid-base imbalance?

A. Respiratory acidosis.
B. Metabolic acidosis.
C. Respiratory alkalosis.
D. Metabolic alkalosis.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with chronic heart failure may develop pulmonary hypertension due to:

A. Decreased blood flow to the lungs.
B. Increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries from left heart failure.
C. Bronchospasm.
D. Alveolar destruction.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a history of smoking develops metaplasia in the bronchial epithelium. This is a reversible change where:

A. Cells decrease in size.
B. Cells increase in number.
C. One mature cell type is replaced by another mature cell type.
D. Cells become disorganized and abnormal.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient develops an abscess after a bacterial infection. The type of necrosis characterized by enzymatic lysis of cells and formation of pus is:

A. Coagulative necrosis.
B. Liquefactive necrosis.
C. Caseous necrosis.
D. Fat necrosis.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with chronic stress may experience impaired wound healing due to the prolonged effects of:

A. Insulin.
B. Cortisol.
C. Growth hormone.
D. Estrogen.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with hypoparathyroidism develops hypocalcemia. This is characterized by:

A. Bone pain and kidney stones.
B. Muscle weakness and lethargy.
C. Tetany, muscle spasms, and positive Chvostek's sign.
D. Constipation.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with an X-linked recessive disorder typically passes the trait from:

A. Father to son.
B. Mother to daughter.
C. Affected mother to all children.
D. Carrier mother to affected son.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a severe bacterial infection develops a widespread rash. This is an example of which type of immune response?

A. Localized inflammation.
B. Systemic manifestation of inflammation.
C. Cellular adaptation.
D. Genetic defect.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus develops microvascular complications, such as retinopathy and nephropathy. These complications are primarily due to:

A. Acute hyperglycemia.
B. Damage to small blood vessels by chronic hyperglycemia.
C. Hypoglycemia.
D. Protein deficiency.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a chronic wound experiences wound contraction. This process is mediated by:

A. Fibroblasts only.
B. Myofibroblasts.
C. Macrophages.
D. Epithelial cells.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with heart failure experiences dyspnea on exertion. The primary mechanism causing dyspnea in heart failure is:

A. Decreased oxygen demand.
B. Pulmonary congestion and impaired gas exchange.
C. Bronchospasm.
D. Metabolic acidosis.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a history of alcoholism develops fatty liver disease. This is an example of which type of cellular accumulation?

A. Pigment accumulation.
B. Protein accumulation.
C. Lipid accumulation.
D. Glycogen accumulation.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient is diagnosed with a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction. This reaction is characterized by:

A. Immediate IgE-mediated response.
B. Antibody-mediated cell destruction.
C. Immune complex deposition.
D. Delayed T-cell mediated response.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a severe infection develops lactic acidosis. This is caused by:

A. Increased oxygen delivery to tissues.
B. Anaerobic metabolism due to tissue hypoxia.
C. Excessive bicarbonate production.
D. Hyperventilation.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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