MCQs

11212 questions found

Practice Questions

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis (UC) develops severe bloody diarrhea. The primary pathological characteristic of UC is:

A. Patchy, transmural inflammation.
B. Continuous inflammation limited to the colon, primarily affecting the mucosa and submucosa.
C. Involvement of the entire GI tract.
D. Skip lesions.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with asthma has chronic inflammation of the airways, leading to airway remodeling. This involves:

A. Permanent destruction of alveolar walls.
B. Fibrosis, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and increased mucus glands in the bronchi.
C. Reversible airway constriction only.
D. Decreased collagen deposition.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

The process of wound healing by “primary intention” involves:

A. A large wound with tissue loss that heals by granulation.
B. A wound with minimal tissue loss and edges that are approximated.
C. A wound that is left open and then closed later.
D. The formation of a large scar.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with severe burns develops rhabdomyolysis. This involves:

A. Fat necrosis.
B. Liquefactive necrosis.
C. Muscle tissue breakdown and release of myoglobin.
D. Coagulative necrosis.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a chronic autoimmune disease develops secondary immunodeficiency. This means their immune system is compromised due to:

A. A genetic defect present at birth.
B. Another underlying disease or treatment.
C. Exposure to a specific allergen.
D. Excessive production of antibodies.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) develops a pulmonary embolism (PE). The most common pathophysiological pathway for a PE is:

A. Arterial spasm in the lungs.
B. A clot dislodges from a peripheral vein and travels to the pulmonary circulation.
C. Inhaled foreign body.
D. Direct lung infection.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a history of gastric ulcers develops severe abdominal pain after taking NSAIDs. The NSAIDs contribute to ulcer formation by:

A. Increasing gastric mucus production.
B. Inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, which reduces gastric mucosal protection.
C. Stimulating gastric acid secretion.
D. Enhancing gastric blood flow.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with systemic infection develops acute inflammation. The cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:

A. Pallor, numbness, decreased temperature.
B. Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function.
C. Jaundice, itching, weight loss.
D. Cyanosis, dyspnea, confusion.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient is diagnosed with a Type III hypersensitivity reaction. This reaction is characterized by:

A. IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation.
B. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
C. Formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues, causing inflammation.
D. Delayed T-cell mediated response.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a genetic mutation develops cystic fibrosis. The primary defect in cystic fibrosis involves:

A. Impaired hemoglobin synthesis.
B. Abnormal chloride transport across cell membranes.
C. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells.
D. Defective muscle protein.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections develops chronic pyelonephritis. This primarily involves:

A. Inflammation of the bladder only.
B. Chronic inflammation of the kidney parenchyma and renal pelvis.
C. Glomerular inflammation.
D. Formation of kidney stones.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient experiences hypovolemic shock. The body’s initial compensatory mechanism involves:

A. Vasodilation to increase blood flow.
B. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
C. Decreased heart rate.
D. Increased urine output.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient develops a thrombus in a coronary artery, leading to myocardial infarction. This is a common consequence of atherosclerosis, which involves:

A. Arterial vasodilation.
B. Hardening and narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup.
C. Venous inflammation.
D. Increased arterial elasticity.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experiences joint inflammation and destruction. RA is an autoimmune disease characterized by:

A. Autoantibodies attacking the neuromuscular junction.
B. Systemic inflammation mediated by immune complexes and T-cells, primarily affecting synovial joints.
C. Destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
D. Increased red blood cell destruction.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with chronic stress experiences prolonged activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to increased cortisol levels. This can result in:

A. Enhanced immune function.
B. Decreased blood glucose levels.
C. Impaired immune function and increased risk of infection.
D. Improved sleep patterns.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient develops a keloid scar after surgery. This is an example of dysfunctional wound healing characterized by:

A. Normal scar formation.
B. Excessive collagen formation, extending beyond the original wound boundaries.
C. Incomplete wound closure.
D. Decreased tensile strength.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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