C.
Positive Predictive Value (PPV).
✓
D.
Negative Predictive Value (NPV).
✓
B.
Effect modification.
✓
B.
Cross-sectional study.
✓
C.
Prospective cohort study (observational).
✓
D.
Randomized controlled trial (RCT).
✓
C.
Attributable Risk (AR).
✓
D.
Prevalence Ratio (PR).
✓
A.
Dismiss it as random genetic mutations.
✓
B.
Initiate an investigation to identify common environmental exposures, maternal factors, or infectious agents during pregnancy.
✓
C.
Advise all pregnant women to leave the community.
✓
D.
Only focus on treating the affected children.
✓
B.
Information bias (e.g., misclassification due to self-report).
✓
A.
Only efficacy matters.
✓
B.
The balance between benefits and harms, and informed consent for patients.
✓
C.
Adverse events are always acceptable.
✓
D.
Only the cost of the drug matters.
✓
C.
Crude mortality rate.
✓
A.
Treat the patient and send them home.
✓
B.
Immediately initiate isolation, multi-drug therapy, and rigorous contact tracing to prevent widespread transmission.
✓
C.
Wait for the disease to spread to other family members.
✓
D.
Only treat the patient's symptoms.
✓
