Practice Questions

183. A new medicinal drug is being tested for a very rare disease, where it’s unethical to withhold treatment from a placebo group. What technical alternative study design might be considered?

A. Cross-sectional study.
B. Case-control study.
C. Historical cohort study.
D. Single-arm trial or compassionate use program.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

181. A regional hospital experiences a cluster of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections. What is the urgent epidemiological action?

A. Immediately close the intensive care unit.
B. Implement enhanced surveillance, review infection control practices, and investigate potential common sources like contaminated equipment or staff.
C. Only treat the infected patients with antibiotics.
D. Assume it is random chance.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

178. A new medicinal drug is found to be effective, but regulatory agencies require a Risk Management Plan (RMP) due to potential rare but serious side effects. What critical epidemiological aspect is this addressing?

A. Drug pricing.
B. Balancing drug benefits with potential harms through systematic risk identification and mitigation.
C. Marketing strategies.
D. Drug patenting.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

177. What technical term describes a measure of association that quantifies the difference in disease risk between an exposed group and an unexposed group?

A. Relative Risk (RR).
B. Odds Ratio (OR).
C. Attributable Risk (AR).
D. Prevalence Ratio (PR).
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

176. A widespread outbreak of a highly contagious disease occurs, and public health officials determine that insufficient vaccination coverage is a major contributing factor. What is the urgent public health intervention?

A. Implement school closures indefinitely.
B. Launch a mass vaccination campaign and intensify communication efforts to address vaccine hesitancy.
C. Wait for the disease to naturally decline.
D. Isolate only symptomatic individuals.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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