C.
Positive Predictive Value.
✓
D.
Negative Predictive Value.
✓
A.
Strength of association.
✓
D.
Dose-response relationship.
✓
A.
The drug is definitely ineffective.
✓
B.
The study lacked sufficient power to detect a true effect, or the drug truly has no significant effect.
✓
C.
The drug is safe and effective.
✓
D.
The placebo effect was too strong.
✓
A.
Treat the child and send them back to school.
✓
B.
Isolate the child, notify public health, and initiate immediate contact tracing and prophylactic treatment/vaccination for contacts.
✓
C.
Wait for other cases to appear before acting.
✓
D.
Only treat the child's symptoms.
✓
B.
Statistical significance.
✓
B.
Information bias (e.g., recall bias).
✓
A.
Anecdotal reports from patients.
✓
B.
Robust evidence of efficacy and safety from Phase III clinical trials.
✓
C.
Only pre-clinical animal studies.
✓
D.
Opinions from key opinion leaders.
✓
A.
Close the hospital immediately.
✓
B.
Implement infection control measures, isolate suspected cases, and initiate contact tracing within the hospital.
✓
C.
Wait for the cluster to spread to the general population.
✓
D.
Treat all healthcare workers prophylactically.
✓
